Yeast hydrolysate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in weaned piglets

Abstract

Background Intestinal inflammation is the main risk factor causing intestinal barrier dysfunction and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can trigger inflammatory responses in various eukaryotic species. Yeast hydrolysate (YH) possesses multi-biological effects and is received remarkable attention as a functional ingredient for improving growth performance and promoting health in animals. However, there is still inconclusive on the protective effects of dietary YH supplementation on intestinal barrier of piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the attenuate effects of YH supplementation on inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier injury in piglets challenged with LPS. Methods Twenty-four piglets (with an average body weight of 7.42 ± 0.34 kg) weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments (12 replications with one pig per pen): a basal diet or a basal diet containing YH (5 g/kg). On the 22nd d, 6 piglets in each treatment were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at 150 μg/kg BW, and the others were injected with the same amount of sterile normal saline. Four hours later, blood samples of each piglet were collected and then piglets were euthanized. Results Dietary YH supplementation increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain (P < 0.01), decreased the ratio of feed intake to gain of piglets (P = 0.048). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induced systemic inflammatory response, evidenced by the increase of serum concentrations of haptoglobin (HP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, LPS challenge resulted in inflammatory intestinal damage, by up-regulation of the protein or mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and phosphor-nuclear factor-κB-p65 (p-NFκB-p65) (P < 0.01), and down-regulation of the jejunal villus height, the protein and mRNA abundances of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCC; P < 0.05) in jejunal mucosa. Dietary YH supplementation decreased the impaired effects of ACTH, cortisol, HP, IL-1β and diamine oxidase in serum (P < 0.05). Moreover, YH supplementation also up-regulated the jejunal villus height, protein and mRNA abundances of ZO-1 and OCC (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β and the protein abundances of TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR4 and p-NFκB-p65 in jejunal mucosa in LPS-challenged pigs (P < 0.01). Conclusion Yeast hydrolysate could attenuate inflammatory response and intestinal barrier injury in weaned piglets challenged with LPS, which was associated with the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Graphical Abstract

Dietary taurine effect on intestinal barrier function, colonic microbiota and metabolites in weanling piglets induced by LPS

“…The tight junction comprises a multiprotein complex containing Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1 (Pinton et al, 2010). Ensuring sustainable production in economic animals, gut health is a prerequisite since the gut plays an essential role in food digestion and nutrient absorption (Fu et al, 2023). When the tightly knit structure and function are affected by various physiological and pathological stimuli, the integrity of the intestine's barrier is compromised, allowing microorganisms and toxins to migrate throughout the body via the mucosa.…”

Autolyzed yeast and sodium butyrate supplemented alone to diets promoted improvements in performance, intestinal health and nutrient transporter in weaned piglets

“…Once β-glucans bind to these receptors, they can trigger an immune response. Upon recognition of β-glucans, immune cells can produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, and IL-1β 47 . Collectively, although these cytokines play a central role in initiating and magnifying the inflammatory response, they did not negatively affect the biological response of nursery pigs fed YSC and ASB diets.…”

Autolyzed yeast and sodium butyrate supplemented alone to diets promoted improvements in performance, intestinal health and nutrient transporter in weaned piglets

“…Once βglucans bind to these receptors, they can trigger an immune response. Upon recognition of β-glucans, immune cells can produce pro-in ammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, and IL-1β 47 . Collectively, although these cytokines play a central role in initiating and magnifying the in ammatory response, they did not negatively affect the biological response of nursery pigs fed YSC and ASB diets.…”