Yeast ribosomal DNA genes are located on chromosome XII.

Petes, Thomas D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.76.1.410

Cited by 217 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Both the fob1 amber and fob1 disrupted mutants showed the same pleiotropy, that is, Hot1 and Rfb defective phenotypes. The FOB1 gene is located on chromosome IV, which is separated from chromosome XII containing the HOT1 and RFB sites in the rRNA gene cluster (Petes 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A yeast gene product, Fob1 protein, required for both replication fork blocking and recombinational hotspot activities

1996

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Background: In the rRNA gene cluster on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII, a unique site that blocks progression of the replication fork exists in a single unit of the repeats. The site RFB (replication fork blocking) is located within one of two cis-elements present in a nontranscribed region of each repeated unit, which are required for obtaining maximal activity of a hotspot (HOT1) dependent recombination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saccharomyces cerevisiae has tandemly repeated rRNA genes (about 140 copies) on chromosome XII (Petes 1979). A single repeat unit of the rRNA gene cluster consists of 35S and 5S RNA genes and two nontranscribed spacers, termed NTS1 and NTS2 (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A yeast gene product, Fob1 protein, required for both replication fork blocking and recombinational hotspot activities

1996

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“…Chr XII harbors the rDNA locus as a tandem array of 100-200 repeats (Petes 1979). The rDNA array is inherently unstable and undergoes cycles of expansion/contraction through intra-and interchromosomal recombination (Keil and Roeder 1984;Kobayashi et al 1998).…”

Section: -The F-box Protein Dia2 Forms An Scf Complex and Is Requiredmentioning

confidence: 99%

The F-Box Protein Dia2 Overcomes Replication Impedance to Promote Genome Stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2006

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The maintenance of DNA replication fork stability under conditions of DNA damage and at natural replication pause sites is essential for genome stability. Here, we describe a novel role for the F-box protein Dia2 in promoting genome stability in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Like most other F-box proteins, Dia2 forms a Skp1-Cdc53/Cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. Systematic analysis of genetic interactions between dia2D and 4400 viable gene deletion mutants revealed synthetic lethal/ synthetic sick interactions with a broad spectrum of DNA replication, recombination, checkpoint, and chromatin-remodeling pathways. dia2D strains exhibit constitutive activation of the checkpoint kinase Rad53 and elevated counts of endogenous DNA repair foci and are unable to overcome MMS-induced replicative stress. Notably, dia2D strains display a high rate of gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) that involve the rDNA locus and an increase in extrachromosomal rDNA circle (ERC) formation, consistent with an observed enrichment of Dia2 in the nucleolus. These results suggest that Dia2 is essential for stable passage of replication forks through regions of damaged DNA and natural fragile regions, particularly the replication fork barrier (RFB) of rDNA repeat loci. We propose that the SCF Dia2 ubiquitin ligase serves to modify or degrade protein substrates that would otherwise impede the replication fork in problematic regions of the genome. Collapse of replication forks results in the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that can then lead to illegitimate recombination and genome rearrangements, both of which are thought to be underlying causes of many human cancers (Lengauer et al. 1998). Physical impediments to replication fork progression include tightly bound non-nucleosomal protein-DNA complexes, DNA secondary structures, and regions of DNA damage, whereas inadequate dNTP pools cause forks to slow and eventually stall in a non-locus-specific manner (Branzei and Foiani 2005). Accumulated DNA damage or stalled replication forks elicit a checkpoint response that results in a delay of the cell cycle, induction of damage responsive genes, and the repair or bypass of the DNA lesion (Melo and Toczyski 2002;Branzei and Foiani 2005). The DNA damage checkpoint is activated upon detection of DNA lesions in G 1 and G 2 phase, and in S-phase the latter sometimes is referred to as the intra-S checkpoint. A second response in S-phase, referred to as the replication checkpoint, is the response to delayed DNA synthesis as caused by lowered dNTP pools upon inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by hydroxyurea (HU). It is likely that the replication and intra-S checkpoint pathways are integrated such that the key signal is stalled or slowed replication forks, due to either dNTP shortage or collision with DNA damage. The only essential function of the S-phase checkpoint is to stabilize the fork when cells undergo replicative stress (Terceroet al. 2003) and thereby prevent the accumulation of recombinog...

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“…The S. cerevisiae rRNA genes are repeated approximately 100 times per haploid genome (19) and are located in a single tandem array on chromosome XII (13). Each rRNA gene contains about 9 kilobases (kb) of DNA and encodes four species of rRNA; the 25S, 18S, 5.8S, and 5S species (2,17).…”

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Recombination of plasmids into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome is reduced by small amounts of sequence heterogeneity.

Smolik-Utlaut¹,

Petes²

1983

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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As a model system for studying the properties of mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have examined recombination between a recombinant plasmid (introduced into the S. cerevisiae cell by transformation) and homologous chromosomal loci. The recombinant plasmids used in these experiments contained S. cerevisiae rRNA genes. We found that the frequency of integrative recombination is sensitive to small amounts of sequence heterogeneity. In addition, the frequency and specificity of these recombination events are affected by the lengths of the interacting homologous DNA sequences.Repeated genes are found in all eucaryotes. Although the physical properties of many types of repeated genes have been studied in detail, much less information is available concerning genetic interactions among repeated sequences. Below, we describe a model system that we have used to examine mitotic recombination of the repeated rRNA genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The S. cerevisiae rRNA genes are repeated approximately 100 times per haploid genome (19) and are located in a single tandem array on chromosome XII (13). Each rRNA gene contains about 9 kilobases (kb) of DNA and encodes four species of rRNA; the 25S, 18S, 5.8S, and 5S species (2,17). The 25S, 5.8S, and 18S rRNAs are transcribed as a 35S precursor RNA which is later processed (21). The 5S rRNA is encoded on the opposite DNA strand and is separated from the 35S rRNA species by nontranscribed spacer sequences (9,22). The positions of the rRNA transcripts within the rRNA gene are shown in Fig. 1.Most laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae have rRNA genes with seven EcoRI sites per repeat (2,3,16,17). This type of rDNA is called "form I" and the seven fragments produced by EcoRI treatment of this DNA are labeled A through G in order of decreasing size. An S. cerevisiae strain containing a variant type of rDNA ("form II") has also been previously described (16). is formed which is equal in size to the sum of the EcoRI fragments B and E. In a recent study (M. McMahon, S. Smolik-Utlaut, and T. Petes, unpublished data), a number of other differences have been detected. Most of these changes occurred in the nontranscribed spacer and involved small deletions and insertions (Fig. 1). DNA sequencing of a 424-base-pair TaqI fragment surrounding the 5S rRNA gene showed only seven differences between form I and form II: three point mutations and four single base insertions. In heteroduplexes formed between form I and form II genes, no insertion or deletion loops were detectable by electron microscopy (S. Smolik-Utlaut, Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago, Illinois, 1982).As described below, we examined the effects of the form I-form II heterogeneity on recombination in S. cerevisiae. Hinnen et al. (7) showed that when recombinant plasmids containing S. cerevisiae DNA were transformed into S. cerevisiae cells, these plasmids recombined with homologous chromosomal sequences. To test the effects of the form I-form II heterogeneity on this type of recombination, we trans...

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Yeast ribosomal DNA genes are located on chromosome XII.

Cited by 217 publications

References 17 publications

A yeast gene product, Fob1 protein, required for both replication fork blocking and recombinational hotspot activities

A yeast gene product, Fob1 protein, required for both replication fork blocking and recombinational hotspot activities

The F-Box Protein Dia2 Overcomes Replication Impedance to Promote Genome Stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Recombination of plasmids into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome is reduced by small amounts of sequence heterogeneity.

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