Although not essential in brewing, adjuncts are used in most countries and brewing regions and provide benefits inextract cost and beer qualities. Brewing sugars and caramel syrups may be used to adjust wort and beer characteristics with littlecapital investment.The incorporation of caramel malts cancontribute to beer quality and stability. On a world-wide perspective, cereal-based adjuncts are dominant in the brewing of beer, and are the only adjuncts used in the production of Scotch grain whisky and the whiskeys of other countries, and in malt vinegar produced in the United Kingdom. The cost of adjuncts often depends on local availability, the added value of by-products and the utilisation of the maximum amount of starch or sugar from the agricultural source.