Yeast β-Glucan Altered Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome in Older Hens

Abstract

The prebiotics- and probiotics-mediated positive modulation of the gut microbiota composition is considered a useful approach to improve gut health and food safety in chickens. This study explored the effects of yeast β-glucan (YG) supplementation on intestinal microbiome and metabolites profiles as well as mucosal immunity in older hens. A total of 256 43-week-old hens were randomly assigned to two treatments, with 0 and 200 mg/kg of YG. Results revealed YG-induced downregulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokine gene expression in the ileum without any effect on the intestinal barrier. 16S rRNA analysis claimed that YG altered α- and β-diversity and enriched the relative abundance of class Bacilli, orders Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales, families Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, genera Lactobacillus and Escherichia–Shigella, and species uncultured bacterium-Lactobacillus. Significant downregulation of cutin and suberin, wax biosynthesis, atrazine degradation, vitamin B6 metabolism, phosphotransferase system (PTS), steroid degradation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, aminobenzoate degradation and quorum sensing and upregulation of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, steroid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosyntheses were observed in YG-treated hens, as substantiated by the findings of untargeted metabolomics analysis. Overall, YG manifests prebiotic properties by altering gut microbiome and metabolite profiles and can downregulate the intestinal mucosal immune response of breeder hens.

A comparative evaluation of the kefir yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus A4 and sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis: anti-inflammatory impact and gut microbiota modulation

“…29 Furthermore, yeast β-glucan induces the downregulation of Il-6 and Tnf-α and upregulation of Ocln and modulates the abundance of Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales at the order level in chickens. 30 Taken together, the combined effects of A4 + S have the potential to mitigate colitis through the enhancement of the immune system and gut barrier, as well as the modification of the gut microbiota. This phenomenon may be attributed to the comparatively higher concentration of β-glucan in Km A4 compared to Sb MYA-796.…”

Emerging relevance of cell wall components from non-conventional yeasts as functional ingredients for the food and feed industry

“…Numerous other studies have also demonstrated anticancer effects of S. cerevisiae β-glucan ( Sambrani et al, 2021 ) including prevention of DNA damage in CHO cells ( Oliveira et al, 2007 ), induced proliferation and activation of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with advanced breast cancer ( Demir et al, 2007 ) and a variety of other immunostimulatory effects on various cell lines ( Yoon et al, 2008 ) and in vivo ( Mo et al, 2017 ). S. cerevisiae β-glucans have also been reported as antidiabetic agents through their effects on blood glucose levels and insulin resistance ( Cao et al, 2017 ), as potential prebiotic compounds by altering gut microbiome and metabolite profiles ( Zhen et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), and finally as capable of reducing blood cholesterol levels and promoting wound healing ( Borchani et al, 2016 ).…”

Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on cecal microbiota and metabolites in broilers during lipopolysaccharide-induced immune stress

“…Intestinal bacteria can eliminate pathogens by releasing ligands, such as microbial-related molecular patterns that bind to host cell receptors, to stimulate the immune system (Brisbin et al, 2008), and can also produce antimicrobial peptides to prevent pathogen colonization (Mancabelli et al, 2016). Intestinal microbes produce a variety of bioactive substances and metabolites, such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, DNA and extracellular vesicles, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), polyamines, secondary bile acids, vitamins, neurotransmitters and phenolic compounds (Zhen et al, 2021;Wang Q. et al, 2023). They can directly or indirectly participate in a variety of physiological processes in health and disease, including host development, metabolism, immune regulation, and intercellular signal communication (Nicholson et al, 2012).…”