Yellow-eyed Junco (Junco phaeonotus)

Sullivan, Kim; Poole, A.; Gill, F.

doi:10.2173/bna.yeejun.01.1

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…However, because several of those forms were found to interbreed freely in areas of parapatric contact, those 21 forms are currently grouped taxonomically into just four species: the divergent Junco vulcani in the highlands of Costa Rica, the island junco Junco insularis on Guadalupe Island (recognized recently based on work by Aleixandre et al . ), the yellow‐eyed junco Junco phaeonotus in the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala and the dark‐eyed junco Junco hyemalis , which inhabits conifer and broadleaf forests across temperate and boreal North America (Sullivan ; Nolan et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid postglacial diversification and long‐term stasis within the songbird genus Junco: phylogeographic and phylogenomic evidence

et al. 2016

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Natural systems composed of closely related taxa that vary in the degree of phenotypic divergence and geographic isolation provide an opportunity to investigate the rate of phenotypic diversification and the relative roles of selection and drift in driving lineage formation. The genus Junco (Aves: Emberizidae) of North America includes parapatric northern forms that are markedly divergent in plumage pattern and colour, in contrast to geographically isolated southern populations in remote areas that show moderate phenotypic divergence. Here, we quantify patterns of phenotypic divergence in morphology and plumage colour and use mitochondrial DNA genes, a nuclear intron, and genomewide SNPs to reconstruct the demographic and evolutionary history of the genus to infer relative rates of evolutionary divergence among lineages. We found that geographically isolated populations have evolved independently for hundreds of thousands of years despite little differentiation in phenotype, in sharp contrast to phenotypically diverse northern forms, which have diversified within the last few thousand years as a result of the rapid postglacial recolonization of North America. SNP data resolved young northern lineages into reciprocally monophyletic lineages, indicating low rates of gene flow even among closely related parapatric forms, and suggesting a role for strong genetic drift or multifarious selection acting on multiple loci in driving lineage divergence. Juncos represent a compelling example of speciation in action, where the combined effects of historical and selective factors have produced one of the fastest cases of speciation known in vertebrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid postglacial diversification and long‐term stasis within the songbird genus Junco: phylogeographic and phylogenomic evidence

et al. 2016

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“…Juncos subsist primarily on invertebrates during the breeding season and switch to a granivorous diet during the fall, winter and spring. Juncos frequently forage in loose flocks with conspecifics (Moore, 1972;Sullivan, 2018), and sometimes with congeneric dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), during the non-breeding season. Juncos typically build their nests on the ground under tufts of grass, logs, rocks and mats of dead bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) or within dense stands of living ferns (Sullivan, 2018).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yellow-eyed juncos are generally resident within individual mountain ranges (Sullivan, 2018), and we expected that migration in this study system would be spontaneous and incremental rather than synchronized (i.e., typical of facultative short-distance migrants; Terrill & Able, 1988). We classified migratory behaviour only for juncos present on the same site during two consecutive breeding seasons.…”

Section: Migratory Tendencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of trait variation along elevational gradients are relatively uncommon in birds. A few studies have examined elevational gradients in avian clutch size (Badyaev & Ghalambor, 2001;Boyce et al, 2015;Dillon & Conway, 2015, 2018Järvinen, 1989), and even fewer have examined elevational gradients in other traits (but see Badyaev, 1997;Camfield, Pearson, & Martin, 2010;Carey, Thompson, Vleck, & James, 1982;Evans Ogden, Martin, & Martin, 2012;Sandercock et al, 2005). Many traits, however, have inherent trade-offs mediated by the principles of allocation and functional constraint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, even greater insight into the ecological processes that generate trait variation can be gained by examining patterns of covariation in suites of traits along environmental and geographic gradients (Boyle, Sandercock, & Martin, 2016). Furthermore, most previous studies compared traits of populations that are widely separated in space, rather than along a continuous elevational gradient (but see Dillon & Conway, 2015, 2018LaBarbera & Lacey, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in selective regimes drives intraspecific variation in life‐history traits and migratory behaviour along an elevational gradient

Lundblad

Conway

2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Comparative studies, across and within taxa, have made important contributions to our understanding of the evolutionary processes that promote phenotypic diversity. Trait variation along geographic gradients provides a convenient heuristic for understanding what drives and maintains diversity. Intraspecific trait variation along latitudinal gradients is well‐known, but elevational variation in the same traits is rarely documented. Trait variation along continuous elevational gradients, however, provides compelling evidence that individuals within a breeding population may experience different selective pressures. Our objectives were to quantify variation in a suite of traits along a continuous elevational gradient, evaluate whether individuals in the population experience different selective pressures along that gradient and quantify variation in migratory tendency along that gradient. We examined variation in a suite of 14 life‐history, morphological and behavioural traits, including migratory tendency, of yellow‐eyed juncos along a continuous 1000‐m elevational gradient in the Santa Catalina Mountains of Arizona. Many traits we examined varied along the elevational gradient. Nest survival and nestling growth rates increased, while breeding season length, renesting propensity and adult survival declined, with increasing elevation. We documented the migratory phenotype of juncos (partial altitudinal migrants) and show that individual migratory tendency is higher among females than males and increases with breeding elevation. Our data support the paradigm that variation in breeding season length is a major selective pressure driving life‐history variation along elevational gradients and that individuals breeding at high elevation pursue strategies that favour offspring quality over offspring quantity. Furthermore, a negative association between adult survival and breeding elevation and a positive association between nest survival and breeding elevation help explain both the downslope and reciprocal upslope seasonal migratory movements that characterize altitudinal migration in many birds. Our results demonstrate how detailed studies of intraspecific variation in suites of traits along environmental gradients can lend new insights into the evolutionary processes that promote diversification and speciation, the causes of migratory behaviour, and how animal populations will likely respond to climate change.

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Temperature heterogeneity correlates with intraspecific variation in physiological flexibility in a small endotherm

Stager

Senner

Swanson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Phenotypic flexibility allows individuals to reversibly modify trait values and theory predicts an individual’s relative degree of flexibility positively correlates with the environmental heterogeneity it experiences. We tested this prediction by integrating surveys of population genetic and physiological variation with thermal acclimation experiments and indices of environmental heterogeneity in the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) and its congeners. We combined measures of thermogenic capacity for ~300 individuals, >21,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 192 individuals, and laboratory acclimations replicated on five populations. We found that Junco populations: (1) differ in their thermal performance responses to temperature variation in situ; (2) exhibit intra-specific variation in their thermogenic flexibility in the laboratory that correlates with heterogeneity in their native thermal environment; and (3) harbor genetic variation that also correlates with temperature heterogeneity. These results provide comprehensive support that phenotypic flexibility corresponds with environmental heterogeneity and highlight its importance for coping with environmental change.

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Yellow-eyed Junco (Junco phaeonotus)

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Rapid postglacial diversification and long‐term stasis within the songbird genus Junco: phylogeographic and phylogenomic evidence

Rapid postglacial diversification and long‐term stasis within the songbird genus Junco: phylogeographic and phylogenomic evidence

Variation in selective regimes drives intraspecific variation in life‐history traits and migratory behaviour along an elevational gradient

Temperature heterogeneity correlates with intraspecific variation in physiological flexibility in a small endotherm

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