Yellow Fever Virus in Jungle Mosquitoes

Shannon, R. C.; Whitman, Loring; Franca, Mário J.

doi:10.1126/science.88.2274.110

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…terrens are arboreal, tree hole breeding mosquitoes that can bite not only NHPs in the forest canopy, but also humans at the ground level [34–42]. Besides, both mosquitoes are capable of flying long distances linking isolated patches of the forest and bite people in the open fields, particularly in the ecotone between the wild and the man-modified environment [23,43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High risk for chikungunya virus to initiate an enzootic sylvatic cycle in the tropical Americas

Oliveira

Failloux

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundChikungunya virus (CHIKV) has dispersed in the Americas since 2013, and its range of distribution has overlapped large forested areas. Herein, we assess vector competence of two sylvatic Neotropical mosquito species, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Aedes terrens, to evaluate the risk of CHIKV to initiate a sylvatic cycle in the continent.Methodology/Principal findingsHaemagogus leucocelaenus and Ae. terrens from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were orally challenged with the two CHIKV lineages circulating in the Americas. Fully engorged females were kept in incubators at 28±1°C and 70±10% humidity and examined at 3 and 7 days after virus exposure. Body (thorax plus abdomen), head and saliva samples were analyzed for respectively determining infection, dissemination and transmission. Both Hg. leucocelaenus and Ae. terrens exhibited high infection and dissemination rates with both CHIKV isolates at 7 dpi, demonstrating that they are susceptible to CHIKV, regardless of the lineage. Remarkably, Hg. leucocelaenus expectorated infectious viral particles as rapidly as 3 days after the infectious blood meal, displaying higher values of transmission rate and efficiency than Ae. terrens. Nevertheless, both species were competent to experimentally transmit both CHIKV genotypes, exhibiting vector competence similar to several American Aedes aegypti.Conclusions/SignificanceThese results point out the high risk for CHIKV to establish a sylvatic transmission cycle in the Americas, which could be a serious health issue as CHIKV would become another zoonotic infection difficult to control in the continent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High risk for chikungunya virus to initiate an enzootic sylvatic cycle in the tropical Americas

Oliveira

Failloux

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…leucocelaenus mosquitoes in 1938 from 16 specimens collected in Rio de Janeiro State ( 23 ) and in 1944 from a pool with 6 specimens from a forest close to Villavicencio, Colombia ( 21 ). Sixty years later, during an epizootic in rural areas in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, 2 strains of YFV were isolated from 21 specimens of these mosquitoes in a pool with 6 insects captured in the canopy and another pool of 15 Hg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Fever Virus inHaemagogus leucocelaenusandAedes serratusMosquitoes, Southern Brazil, 2008

Cardoso¹,

Almeida²,

Santos³

et al. 2010

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

150

107

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Yellow fever virus (YFV) was isolated from Haemagogus leucocelaenus mosquitoes during an epizootic in 2001 in the Rio Grande do Sul State in southern Brazil. In October 2008, a yellow fever outbreak was reported there, with nonhuman primate deaths and human cases. This latter outbreak led to intensification of surveillance measures for early detection of YFV and support for vaccination programs. We report entomologic surveillance in 2 municipalities that recorded nonhuman primate deaths. Mosquitoes were collected at ground level, identified, and processed for virus isolation and molecular analyses. Eight YFV strains were isolated (7 from pools of Hg. leucocelaenus mosquitoes and another from Aedes serratus mosquitoes); 6 were sequenced, and they grouped in the YFV South American genotype I. The results confirmed the role of Hg. leucocelaenus mosquitoes as the main YFV vector in southern Brazil and suggest that Ae. serratus mosquitoes may have a potential role as a secondary vector.

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“…In Africa, YFV is maintained in enzootic cycles involving sylvatic vectors (mainly from the Aedes (now Stegomyia) africanus group species but secondarily from other Aedes species belonging to several subgenera) and non-human primates (NHP) notably from Cercopithecus and Colobus genera (sylvatic cycle) [42][43][44][45][46]. Emergence of the virus occurs if humans become infected when bitten by sylvatic mosquitoes that previously fed on viraemic monkeys notably during the occasional circulation of sylvatic mosquito populations into villages located at the fringe of forested areas.…”

Section: Ecology Of Yellow Fever Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I)

Klitting

Fischer

Drexler

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:The recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America has sparked renewed interest in this infamous arboviral disease. YFV had been a human plague for centuries prior to the identification of its urban transmission vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito species, and the development of an efficient live-attenuated vaccine, the YF-17D strain. The combination of vector-control measures and vaccination campaigns drastically reduced YFV incidence in humans on many occasions, but the virus never ceased to circulate in the forest, through its sylvatic invertebrate vector(s) and vertebrate host(s). Outbreaks recently reported in Central Africa (2015)(2016) and Brazil (since late 2016), reached considerable proportions in terms of spatial distribution and total numbers of cases, with multiple exports, including to China. In turn, questions regarding the likeliness of occurrence of large urban YFV outbreaks in the Americas or of a successful import of YFV to Asia are currently resurfacing. This two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology and transmission dynamics of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.

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Yellow Fever Virus in Jungle Mosquitoes

Cited by 52 publications

References 1 publication

High risk for chikungunya virus to initiate an enzootic sylvatic cycle in the tropical Americas

High risk for chikungunya virus to initiate an enzootic sylvatic cycle in the tropical Americas

Yellow Fever Virus inHaemagogus leucocelaenusandAedes serratusMosquitoes, Southern Brazil, 2008

What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I)

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