Yellow-head virus:a rhabdovirus-like pathogen of penaeid shrimp

Nadala, Elpidio Cesar B.; Tapay, Lourdes M.; Loh, Philip C.

doi:10.3354/dao031141

Cited by 52 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…TEM of negatively stained, purified YHV virions revealed spike-studded, enveloped particles measuring 150-170 X 40-50 nm (Wongteerasupaya et al 1995). The complete virion has an electron-dense nuclear core that measures 20 to 30 nm in diameter and is surrounded by a trilarninar envelope (Nadala et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A yellow head virus gene probe:nucleotide sequence and application for in situ hybridization

Tang

Lightner²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A portion of the genome of yellow head virus (YHV) of penaeid shrimp was cloned and the cDNA fragment (l161 bp) was designated clone 3-27. The fragment was labeled with digoxigenin and hybridized in situ to tissue sections of YHV-infected Penaeus vannamei. Positively reacting tissues included those of the lymphoid organ, cuticular epithelium, and gills. In addition, connective tissue of hepatopancreas, heart, antennal gland, hematopoietic organ, nerve tract, nudgut cecum and muscle reacted to the probe. The probe was highly specific since it hybridized only to tissues from YHVinfected shrimp. It did not react to those of uninfected shrimp or shrimp infected with WSSV (white spot syndrome virus), IHHNV (infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus), or TSV (Taura syndrome virus). The clone was sequenced, and primers were synthesized for rapid detection of YHV in hernolymph using RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The strand that constituted the viral sequence in the cDNA was also determined via RT-PCR and in situ hybndization with a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) probe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 135 kDa polypeptide was glycosylated and was likely to be the viral glycoprotein (Nalada et al 1997). Based on size, bacilliform morphology, cytoplasmic replication, and the fact that it was a n ssRNA virus, YHV was proposed to b e a member of the Rhabdoviridae (Nadala et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A yellow head virus gene probe:nucleotide sequence and application for in situ hybridization

Tang

Lightner²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Wongteerasupaya et al (1995) demonstrated that YHV contains a singlestranded RNA genome. Nadala et al (1997a) subsequently showed that the YHV genome is -22 kb long and identified 4 major virion proteins (170, 135, 67 and 22 kDa) of which the 135 kDa protein is glycosylated. Tang & Lightner (1999) have amplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products from cDNA synthesised using a primer of opposite sense to a putative coding sequence to show that YHV genomic RNA is likely to be of positive polarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Australian gill-associated virus (GAV) and lymphoid organ virus (LOV) of Penaeus monodon by RT-nested PCR

Cowley

Dimmock²,

Spann³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A highly sensitive test based on reverse transcription followed by nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) was developed to detect the Australian yellow-head-like viruses, gill-associated virus (GAV) and lymphoid organ virus (LOY) of Penaeus rnonodon. The RT-nPCR detected viral RNA in as little as 10 fg lymphoid organ total RNA isolated from GAV-infected P. monodon. Amplification of serial dilutions of a GAV cDNA clone showed that the nested PCR was sufficiently sensitive to detect a single genome equivalent using a DNA template. The specificity and sensitivity of the RTnPCR was also demonstrated using experimentally infected P. (Marsupenaeus) japonicus, where GAV sequences could be amplified from lymphoid organ and haemocyte RNA as early as 6 h post infection (p.i.), and from gills by 24 h p.i. In contrast, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified nucleocapsids and virions in lymphoid organ cells and haemocytes from Days 3 and 6 p i . , respectively, while there was no evidence of infection in gill cells at any time. The practical application of the RT-nPCR was demonstrated by screening healthy wild-caught P monodon broodstock. The high prevalence (>g8 % ) of broodstock that were positive by RT-nPCR suggests that LOV is endemic in northern Queensland. In addition, results with lymphoid organ, gill and haemocyte RNA suggest that small gill biopsies may be best suited to the non-sacrificial testing of valuable broodstock. The speed and sensitivity of the RTnPCR make it a useful adjunct to TEM for diagnosing LOV/GAV infection of P. monodon. with the additional benefit that screening of gill biopsies may facilitate selection of LOV-free broodstock.

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“…The use of polyclonal antisera to detect YHV and white spot sydrome virus (WSSV) has been recently reported (Nadala et al 1997). However, the assay (Western blot analysis) was not highly sensitive and could not be easily applied during field examinations.…”

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confidence: 99%