Yersinia enterocolitica: Prevalence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance from retail and processed meat in Egypt

Abstract

Aim: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in retail chicken meat, ground and processed beef meat, determine their virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and their capability of biofilm formation in vitro. Materials and Methods: A total of 210 samples (120 retail chicken meat, 30 ground beef, 30 beef burger, and 30 sausage samples) were collected from different retail chicken outlets and markets located at Mansoura city between December 2016 and April 2017. Meat samples were examined bacteriologically for the existence of Y. enterocolitica; bacterial colonies that displayed positive biochemical properties were subjected to polymerase chain reaction targeting 16 rRNA gene. Y. enterocolitica isolates were tested for their susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents using disk diffusion method. Uniplex PCR was used for screening Y. enterocolitica isolates for the presence of two virulence chromosome-associated genes (ail and yst), and β-lactamases (blaTEM and blaSHV). The capability of Y. enterocolitica to form biofilms was detected by tube method. Results: Thirty Y. enterocolitica isolates (14.29%) were recovered including 19 (15.83%) isolates from chicken meat, 3 (10%) from ground beef, 5 (16.67%) from beef burger, and 3 (10%) from sausage samples. Regarding ail gene, it was detected in 6.67% (2/30), while yst gene detected in 20% (6/30) Y. enterocolitica isolates. About 80%, 70%, 63.33%, and 50% of Y. enterocolitica isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, and streptomycin, respectively, while 83.33% of Y. enterocolitica isolates were resistant to both ampicillin and cephalothin. Interestingly, 21 (70%) isolates had the capability of biofilms formation in vitro. Among the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between MDR and biofilm formation. However, biofilm formation was correlated with the resistance of the isolates to β-lactam antimicrobials and the presence of β-lactam-resistant genes. Conclusion: The presence of Y. enterocolitica in chicken meat, ground and processed beef meat represents a significant health risk for meat consumers, which reflects the contamination of slaughterhouses and processing operations, therefore, strict hygienic measures should be applied to minimize carcasses contamination.

Evidence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Pathogenicity Genes in Yersinia enterocolitica Isolate from Wild Boars

“…In our study, 61.9% of the isolates showed antimicrobial resistance, with an increase from 2013 to 2017. Similar results were obtained in Egypt [ 48 ]. In 31 Bavarian farms from 2000 to 2004, a study on Ye strains showed that 77% of 4/O:3 strains were sensitive to 14 antimicrobial drugs [ 50 ].…”

“…A small percentage of the isolates was positive for myfA and inv (11.9 and 7.9%, respectively). In our study, we outlined a major presence of ail and yst genes with respect to the study conducted by Younis and coworkers in Egypt [ 48 ]. Our results showed the presence of ystB both in 1A and 1B biotypes; therefore, on the basis of Liang et al’sassumptions [ 45 ], it could be speculated that both 1A and 1B biotype strains are pathogenic.…”

Virulence genotyping and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from meat and meat products in Egypt

“…Similar results in MDR Y. enterocolitica isolates were observed by many investigators (Bonardi et al, 2010;Thong et al, 2018). Younis et al (2019) identified a low prevalence of MDR Y. enterocolitica isolates (23.33%) from retail and processed meat in Egypt, while Ye et al (2015) and Peng et al (2018) demonstrated the high occurrence of MDR Y. enterocolitica strains (94.3%, 92.3%) in China, respectively. There are many reasons for the elevation of percentages of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacterium including the illegal and inaccurate prescription of antibiotics, the long term use and even abuse of feed antibiotics (Dehkordi et al, 2014).…”

Aporphinoid alkaloids inhibit biofilm formation of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from sausages

“…Our results showed that the capacity to form biofilms among the Y. enterocolitica examined strains could be a strain‐related feature. Although, some authors reported that all Y. enterocolitica strains examined in their studies had produced biofilms(Ioannidis et al 2014; Singhal et al 2019), our results are in accordance with other studies that showed differences in biofilm formation among the examined strains (Wang et al 2017; Zadernowska and Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska 2017; Younis et al 2019).…”