“…Although the first studies of classroom talk focused on teacher-learner interaction in classrooms with young learners in their native language (L1) (Barnes, 1976(Barnes, /1992Cazden, 2001;Lemke, 1990;Mehan, 1979), talk in adult English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms has become an increasingly popular area of study over the last 10 years, where the focus has largely been on teacher/learner interactional patterns and how teachers manage student contributions and give feedback (Fagan, 2012(Fagan, , 2015Lee, 2007Lee, , 2008Markee, 1995;Waring, 2008Waring, , 2011Waring, , 2015. A handful of studies have focused on types of talk in the adult ESL classroom, such as teacher self-talk (Hall & Smotrova, 2013), and conversational talk vs. instructional talk (Waring, 2014), and what these types of talk seem to accomplish.…”