Yield and antiyield genes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)

Abstract

High yield is the primary criterion for the development of new cultivars at the University of Guelph common bean breeding program. As a complex trait, yield is encoded by a number of genes contributing minor effects while also being significantly affected by environmental factors. Genes that increase yield with fixed resources have their effects by increasing input use efficiency. When suppressed, the BnMicEmUP gene has a positive effect on seed production in Arabidopsis. Preliminary work has shown that ortholog of this gene (Phvul.009G190100) exists in common bean, and its expression was negatively correlated with yield in a field test of 10 navy bean cultivars with different yield potentials. The aim of this research was to characterize the Phvul.009G190100 gene and to develop gene‐based marker(s) to test for alleles associated with high yield in common bean. A database search identified a second yield‐related gene (Phvul.009G202100) on the same chromosome (Pv09), which is a homolog to Phvul.009G190100. Both genes contain a DUF1118 protein domain, which has the molecular characteristics of a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, based on in silico analysis. Temperature switch polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers, which were developed for both genes, were significantly associated with yield and maturity in 42 bean genotypes belonging to different market classes. The work will benefit bean breeding programs by making them more efficient in selecting high yielding cultivars, and it will directly benefit bean producers through accelerated access to new, high yielding cultivars.

Mapping yield and yield-related traits using diverse common bean germplasm

“… a Markers: AYD1m (AYD, gene 1, Phvul.009G190100 ) and AYD2m (AYD, gene 2, Phvul.009G202100 ), yield/antiyield markers ( Reinprecht et al, 2021 ); NPP (gene Phvul.08G291900 ), Niemann–Pick polymorphism (NPP) CBB marker ( Morneau, 2019 ). b Derived traits: RP, reproductive period [RP = DM–DF (days)]; YGD, yield gain per day [YGD = YD/DM (kg day -1 ha -1 ); SGR, seed growth rate [SGR = YD/RP (kg ha -1 day -1 )]; YDH, yield per unit of height [YDH = YD/PH (kg ha -1 cm -1 )]; SN, seed number [SN = YD/SW (seed number x 106 seeds ha -1 )]; YDHR, yield per unit of harvestability [YDHR = YD/HR (kg ha -1 )].…”

Meta-QTL Analysis for Yield Components in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…In general, the average yield in several countries do not exceed 1000 kg of grain per hectare, while yield potential is significantly higher [ 1 ]. Consequently, increased grain production should be an imperative due to the urgent need in increasing the yield potential of crops to meet the increasing demand for food resulting from the expanding human population [ 9 ]; this also translates into increased income for farmers.…”

“…High grain yield is one of the major objectives in most plant breeding programs globally due to the great interest in increasing the yield potential of crops to meet the growing demand for food as a result of the increasing human population worldwide [ 9 ]. Seed yield and their components are complex traits, meaning that many genes with small effects contribute to the phenotypic expression of these traits that are highly influenced by environmental factors [ 10 ].…”

New Age of Common Bean

“…In this context, various researchers around the world use local populations or samples of common bean landraces as reference sets to study their genetic diversity and population structure [9]. Although conventional plant breeding and a collection of global germplasm were the primary sources of improvements in common bean to produce cultivars with greater yield potential [30,33], in the cases where the study samples come from gene banks, this diversity has remained static over the years [9]. Conventional plant breeding is also designed to address limited requirements and the specific needs of farmers and certain growing environments [30].…”

“…Recent advances in molecular markers, sequencing technologies and the finishing of the common bean genome sequence have opened up numerous opportunities for fine mapping and characterization of genes [9,[45][46][47]. The application of markerassisted selection (MAS) for more complex traits, such as yield, has recently shifted to genomic selection approaches that are based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) [33]. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a widely accepted strategy for studying traits of importance to agriculture, thanks to the introduction of NGS-based SNP markers to decipher genotype-phenotype associations in many species [48].…”