Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential oil of Piperaceae in one Segment of the Semideciduous Forest of Paraná State, Brazil, in Seasonal Samplings

Abstract

Essential oils are composed of a complex mixture of various classes of substances; among them are phenylpropanoid, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, belonging to the secondary metabolism of plants. However, these compounds can be influenced by seasonal factors, among others. The objective of this study is to realize the prospect of obtaining Piperaceae with aromatic potential from a segment of the semideciduous forest of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the northwester region of Paraná State. The aim is to assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of its essential oil in the collection during the winter and summer seasons of year 2016. The statistical design was internally randomized in a factorial of 4 (species) x 3 (replicates). The species studied were Piper mosenii C. DC., Piper xylopioides Kunth, Piper diospyrifolium (Kunth) Kunth ex C. DC., and Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth. A total of 78 compounds were identified, 68 in winter and 71 in summer. The species presented a variation in the yield and composition of essential oils, both in winter and summer. The predominant chemical composition was sesquiterpenes followed by monoterpenes, with prominence of (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-pinene and βpinene.

Advanced Chemophenetic Analysis of Essential Oil from Leaves of Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth (Piperaceae) Using a New Reduction-Oxidation Index to Explore Seasonal and Circadian Rhythms

“…For the municipality of Antonina (Parana State), δ-cadinene (45.3%) [ 47 ] or germacrene B (21.5%) and δ-cadinene (9.4%) were the major components [ 94 ]. In Diamante do Norte (Parana State), the main compounds were E-caryophylene (7.3–7.4%), β-pinene (3.8–6.6%) and δ-cadinene (5.6–7.1%) [ 95 ]. In the municipality of Piraquara (Parana State), 1-epi-cubenol (25.1%) and eudesm-7 (11)-en-4-ol (28.4%) dominated.…”

“…From the combined analysis of PCA and HCA, it was possible to define nine (n = 9) possible different chemotypes for P. gaudichaudiaum : chemotype δ-cadinene, with one sample (PR2) [ 47 ]; chemotype 1-epi-cubenol, with two samples (PR3-1; PR6) [ 46 , 93 ]; chemotype longipinanol, with 1 sample (PR2) [ 40 ]; chemotype viridiflorol, with 1 sample (RO) [ 41 ]; chemotype α-humulene, with 3 samples (SP1-1 to 2 and RS2) [ 38 , 45 ]; chemotype E-caryophyllene, with 3 samples (PR3-2 and PR5-1 to 2) [ 93 , 95 ]; chemotype germacrene B, with 3 samples (PR4, PR7 and SC) [ 39 , 94 , 100 ]; chemotype dillapiole, with 16 samples (RS1-1 to 16) [ 43 ]; and chemotype bicyclogermacrene, with 30 samples (RS3, RS4 and this study—RJ1 1 to 28). The RS3 and RS4 samples showed high percentages of E-nerolidol (22.6–24.4%) and α-humulene (21.3–21.3%) and a lower percentage of bicyclogermacrene (7.4–13.2%).…”

“… Triplot (Principal Component Analysis—PCA) resulting from the analysis of the 60 essential oils composition from leaves of Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth obtained in this study (seasonality study—RJ1-12; circadian study—RJ13-29) and from literature database RO [ 41 ]; RS1-1 to 16 [ 43 ]; RS2 [ 38 , 45 ]; RS3 [ 42 ]; RS4 [ 44 ]; SC [ 39 ]; SP1-1 and 2 [ 38 ]; PR1 [ 40 ]; PR2 [ 47 ]; PR3-1 and 2 [ 93 ]; PR4 [ 94 ]; PR5-1 and 2 [ 95 ]; PR6 [ 46 ]; and PR7 [ 46 ]. …”

Phenoplasticity of Essential Oils from Two Species of Piper (Piperaceae): Comparing Wild Specimens and Bi-Generational Monoclonal Cultivars

“…In other studies, similar chemotypic variation has been reported in P. gaudichaudianum. Dominant components vary across studies, such as longipinanol [41], δ-cadinene [42], 1-epi-cubenol [43], β-pinene [43,44], germacrene B [22,45,46], and viridiflorol [20]. These results reflect a high interspecies chemical plasticity.…”

New Reduction-Oxidation Indices Applied to Mixtures in the Impact on Seasonal and Circadian Rhythm Studies of The Essential Oil From Leaves of Piper Gaudichaudianum Kunth (Piperaceae) – A Folk Medicine and Ritualistic Plant

“…For the municipality of Antonina (Parana State), δ-Cadinene (45.3%) (Bernuci et al 2016); Germacrene B (21.5%) and δ-Cadinene (9.4%) were the major components (Silva et al 2019;Silva et al 2021). In Diamante do Norte (Parana State), the main registered compounds were E-Caryophylene (7.3-7.4%), β-Pinene (3.8-6.6%) and δ-Cadinene (5.6-7.1%) (Quiqui et al 2019). In the municipality of Piraquara (Parana State), 1-epi-Cubenol (25.1%) and Eudesm-7 (11)-en-4-ol (28.4%) were the majority.…”