“…The content of nutrients can vary in foods of the same type due to natural variation (season, feeding regime, country of origin, growing conditions, storage) and extrinsic differences (change in recipe, fortification practices, cooking time, cooking utensils, cooking water). For example, Salcedo et al (2018) showed that growing conditions affected the uptake of phosphorus in cucumber plants. Variability within plant foods and animal foods, where the phosphorus is mainly organic, will generally be captured by the composite sample approach, and the estimated 'average' value is likely to be representative for most purposes.…”