Yield and Quality of Inflorescences in the Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. ‘Albomaculata’ after the Treatment with AMF and GA3

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the flowering and quality of Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill ‘Albomaculata’ plants. Before planting, the rhizomes were soaked in water or an aqueous solution of GA3 at a concentration of 150 mg dm−3 for 30 min. A mixture of AMF was applied to the rhizomes a week after planting. The AMF treatment increased the yield of inflorescences of the ‘Albomaculata’ cultivar by 100%. AMF and GA3 had a favourable effect on the quality of inflorescences, expressed by the length of peduncles, whereas AMF individually positively affected the length of the spathes. AMF and GA3 had no effect on the level of macroelements in calla lily leaves, with the exception of calcium (Ca). The leaves of mycorrhized plants had a high content of sodium (Na) and micronutrients, except for iron (Fe). The results of the study showed that GA3 could be replaced by mycorrhizal inoculation when applied to Zantedeschia plants.

Symbiosis—A Perspective on the Effects of Host Traits and Environmental Parameters in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Richness, Colonization and Ecological Functions

“…AMF significantly increased the yield, water uptake, nutritional contents and antioxidant activity of saffron spice plants [78] Calla lilies (Zantedeschia albomaculata) AMF It increased the plants' yield, length of spathes and leaves nutritional quality [79] Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)…”

Cytokinins and Gibberellins Stimulate the Flowering and Post-Harvest Longevity of Flowers and Leaves of Calla Lilies (Zantedeschia Spreng.) with Colourful Inflorescence Spathes

“…Janowska et al [55] report that AMFs cause an increase in quality, expressed by the length of the inflorescence stem, and in flower yield in Z. albomaculata 'Albomaculata' and have a beneficial effect on nitrogen (N) and manganese (Mn) accumulation in leaves. Andrzejak and Janowska [16], on the other hand, conducted a study evaluating the effect of the combined application of GA 3 and AMF on the flowering and plant quality of the 'Albomaculata' cultivar. The authors soaked the rhizomes in water or a water GA 3 solution of 150 mg•dm −3 for 30 min before planting.…”

“…GAs, which can be found in various plants, have a broad spectrum of activity. They eliminate the hereditary stunting of plants [15], stimulate shoot elongation and flower development [16], interrupt deep dormancy [17], stimulate seed germination [18], accelerate or delay flowering [19], influence the growth of seedless fruits, extend the life of flowers and leaves of various species of ornamental plants [16] and affect the content of chlorophyll and proteins [20,21]. The best-known and most frequently used GA is gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) [15].…”