Yield components and nitrogen partitioning of maize in response to nitrogen before and after anthesis

Pearson, Calvin H.; Jacobs, BC

doi:10.1071/ar9871001

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Among all the treatments, excising the uppermost two leaves enhanced N remobilization from stem to kernels. Moreover, the proportion of remobilized N in grain N was significant higher in leaf removal treatments than in control, and more than 50% of N that accumulates in maize kernels is derived from mobilization in vegetative organs26. On average, it even reaches 71 and 84% for four and six uppermost leaves removal treatments, respectively (Table 3), while the excessive high proportion of remobilized N from the remaining vegetative organs brings a significantly decline in photosynthetic capacity (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Optimum Leaf Removal Increases Nitrogen Accumulation in Kernels of Maize Grown at High Density

Liu

Huang

Cai

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Increasing plant density is one of the main approaches of achieving higher yields for modern maize crop. However, there exists leaf redundancy for high-density maize, and leaves of the upper canopy shade more competent leaves at the middle strata. In a two-year field experiments, Jinhai5, a semi-compact corn cultivar, was grown at a density of 105,000 plants ha−1 grown until 3 days after silking (3DAS), when plants were subjected to removal of the uppermost two leaves (S2), four leaves (S4) or six leaves (S6), with no leaf removal as control (S0). We evaluated the effects of leaf removal on N remobilization, photosynthetic capacity of the remaining leaves for N uptake, and N accumulation in kernels. Our present results concluded that, under high plant density, excising the uppermost two leaves promoted N remobilization from vegetative organs to kernels and enhanced photosynthetic capacity for N uptake, leading to an increased N accumulation in kernels (19.6% higher than control). However, four or six uppermost leaves removal reduced N remobilization from stem and photosynthesis for poor N uptake, resulting in 37.5 and 50.2% significantly reduced N accumulation in kernels, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Optimum Leaf Removal Increases Nitrogen Accumulation in Kernels of Maize Grown at High Density

Liu

Huang

Cai

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Kernel set was diminished by individual or combined stress factors such as supra-optimum PD, restricted water supply, and N deficiency (Hall et al, 1981;Loomis, 1986, 1994;Pearson and Jacobs, 1987;Vig, 1989;Pearson, 1991, 1992;Edmeades et al, 1993;Zinselmeier et al, 1995;Otegui et al, 1995;Otegui, 1997;Schussler and Westgate, 1991a, 1991bCiampitti and Vyn, 2011;Rossini et al, 2011). Additionally, Pearson and Jacobs (1987) and Pearson (1991, 1992) reported a N effect on Kn (RKF approximately 40% under 0N). For the medium PD level, under 0N the RKF was equivalent for both hybrids (approximately 43%); Lemcoff and Loomis (1986) reported similar results for maize at an equivalent PD level and without N applied (approximately 35%).…”

Section: Potential Kernel Number and Reproductive Relative Kernel Faimentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Dynamics of Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Stress Factors: II. Reproductive Phase

et al. 2013

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Improved plant N utilization and partitioning is critical for future improvements in maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield (GY). The overall research objective was to gain understanding of the physiological mechanisms underpinning biomass (BM), N uptake partitioning, and GY processes during the reproductive period for two maize hybrids grown at varying plant density (PD) (low is 54,000 plant ha−1, medium is 79,000 plants ha−1, and high is 104,000 plants ha−1) and N inputs (low is 0 kg N ha−1, medium is 112 kg N ha−1, and high is 224 kg N ha−1) over four site–years. At the community level, maize GY was maximized in both genotypes at the medium PD and highest N rate. At maturity, grain harvest index improved as the whole‐plant N uptake increased following a linear‐plateau model and, for N allocation, both grain and shoot N concentrations increased similarly as BM increased. Around flowering (±15 d), dry mass and N partitioning rates were unmodified by treatment factors. Treatment factors only marginally influenced potential kernel number near flowering. Allometric analyses confirmed a lack of treatment impact on whole‐plant N uptake and N remobilization coefficients. Greater reproductive‐stage N uptake was associated with superior ear strength (kernel number and weight) and late shoot N remobilization, but GY was also positively related to vegetative‐stage N uptake. Future research should identify genotypic variation for overcoming the documented N uptake trade‐off mechanisms (vegetative‐stage N uptake vs. shoot N remobilization) as related to the maize GY improvement process.

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“…Soils in the tropics have been mined of nutrients for years without replenishment (Smaling et al 1997), yet nitrogen status in the soil can easily be adjusted through controlled fertilizer applications. Low nitrogen increases the anthesis-silking interval (Jacobs and Pearson 1991), enhances kernel abortion (Pearson and Jacobs 1987) and reduces final grain number (Lemcoff and Loomis 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of tropical quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm

et al. 2017

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important source of carbohydrates and protein in the diet in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of 13 new quality protein maize (QPM) lines in a diallel under stress and non-stress conditions, (ii) compare observed and predicted performance of QPM hybrids, (iii) characterize genetic diversity among the 13 QPM lines using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and assess the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance, and (iv) assess diversity and population structure in 116 new QPM inbred lines as compared to eight older tropical QPM lines and 15 non-QPM lines. The GCA and SCA effects were significant for most traits under optimal conditions, indicating that both additive and non-additive genetic effects were important for inheritance of the traits. Additive genetic effects appeared to govern inheritance of most traits under optimal conditions and across environments. Non-additive genetic effects were more important for inheritance of grain yield but additive effects controlled most agronomic traits under drought stress conditions. Inbred lines CKL08056, CKL07292, and CKL07001 had desirable GCA effects for grain yield across drought stress and non-stress conditions. Prediction efficiency for grain yield was highest under optimal conditions. The classification of 139 inbred lines with 95 SNPs generated six clusters, four of which contained 10 or fewer lines, and 16 lines of mixed co-ancestry. There was good agreement between Neighbor Joining dendrogram and Structure classification. The QPM lines used in the diallel were nearly uniformly spread throughout the dendrogram. There was no relationship between genetic distance and grain yield in either the optimal or stressed environments in this study. The genetic diversity in mid-altitude maize germplasm is ample, and the addition of the QPM germplasm did not increase it measurably.

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Yield components and nitrogen partitioning of maize in response to nitrogen before and after anthesis

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Optimum Leaf Removal Increases Nitrogen Accumulation in Kernels of Maize Grown at High Density

Optimum Leaf Removal Increases Nitrogen Accumulation in Kernels of Maize Grown at High Density

Physiological Dynamics of Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Stress Factors: II. Reproductive Phase

Genetic analysis of tropical quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm

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