Yield loss due to the stemborer<i>Chilo partellus</i>(Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) at different nitrogen application rates to maize

Mgoo, V.; Makundi, Rhodes H.; Pallangyo, Beatrice; Schulthess, Fritz; Jiang, Nanqing; Omwega, C. O.

doi:10.1080/00379271.2006.10697483

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Improving soil fertility complements pest control measures (Saroja et al, 1987). Various authors Chabi-Olaye, 2005;Mgoo et al, 2006;Wale et al, 2006a) have shown that nitrogen is associated with the survival of young stemborer larvae and the resulting pest infestation as well as the plants' tolerance to subsequent attacks. Furthermore, reports from western Africa show that the nutritional status of maize affects noctuid borer densities and the ability of the plants to compensate for pest damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fertilizer and crop variety on the survival of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cereals in Ethiopia

Debebe

Jembere

Wale

2007

JTI

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Recent unusual high damage of finger millet Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. and wheat Triticum spp. by Busseola fusca (Fuller) in Ethiopia prompted the initiation of this study that has involved comparing the host status of these crops with the main host, maize Zea mays. One improved variety and one local land race each of wheat, finger millet and maize were grown with and without fertilizer in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers and varietal differences on the suitability of these host plants for the development of borer larvae. The results indicated that B. fusca larvae managed to survive up to the adult stage in the stems of finger millet and maize, while wheat failed to support larval development to pupation. The stems of fertilizer-treated crops hosted more larvae than those of untreated ones and these were significantly longer and heavier. Improved varieties tended to be more suitable for B. fusca development. Furthermore, irrespective of the crop species, improved varieties grown with fertilizer were more suitable for the development of B. fusca. An improved finger millet variety, KNE No. 1098, grown with fertilizer was as suitable as the improved maize variety A-511, grown without fertilizer. For wheat, however, immature mortality was 100% irrespective of variety and fertilizer level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fertilizer and crop variety on the survival of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cereals in Ethiopia

Debebe

Jembere

Wale

2007

JTI

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“…Limited stem borer losses by farmers using fertilizers even under stem borer attack could suggest a suppression effect of fertilizers on stem borer damage. Such effects were reported by [27] who showed reduced yield losses due to stem borers in maize with increased use of nitrogen fertilizer. However, our data also indicates that high-input users do not only use high amounts of fertilizers, but also other inputs such as pesticides and improved seed.…”

Section: Survey Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In the case of stem borer resistant hybrids, the higher pesticide use resulted in actual savings when changing to GM maize resistant to stem borers. Further advantages could result from the loss-reducing effect fertilizer can have on stem borer infestations in maize fields as evidenced by earlier studies that reported reduced damage of stem borers with increase in nitrogen fertilizer application [27,36]. Faster adoption of GM technology by advanced farmers was also described by Gouse et al [29] who reported earlier adoption of Bt maize for farmers who had previously used hybrid seed in South Africa.…”

Section: Partial Budget Analysismentioning

confidence: 70%

A Survey: Potential Impact of Genetically Modified Maize Tolerant to Drought or Resistant to Stem Borers in Uganda

2017

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Abstract:Maize production in Uganda is constrained by various factors, but especially drought and stem borers contribute to significant yield losses. Genetically modified (GM) maize with increased drought tolerance and/or Bt insect resistance (producing the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry protein) is considered as an option. For an ex ante impact analysis of these technologies, a farmer survey was carried out in nine districts of Uganda, representing the major farming systems. The results showed that farmers did rate stem borer and drought as the main constraints for maize farming. Most farmers indicated a positive attitude towards GM maize, and 86% of all farmers said they would grow GM maize. Farmer estimated yield losses to drought and stem borer damage were on average 54.7% and 23.5%, respectively, if stress occurred. Taking the stress frequency into consideration (67% for both), estimated yield losses were 36.5% and 15.6% for drought and stem borer, respectively. According to the ex-ante partial budget analysis, Bt hybrid maize could be profitable, with an average value/cost ratio of 2.1. Drought tolerant hybrid maize had lower returns and a value/cost ratio of 1.5. Negative returns occurred mainly for farmers with non-stressed grain yields below 2 t·ha −1 . The regulatory framework in Uganda needs to be finalized with consideration of strengthening key institutions in the maize sector for sustainable introduction of GM maize.

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“…high N, P and organic carbon. A similar study carried out in Tanzania showed that yield losses linearly decreased with an increase in N level (Mgoo 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…1995; Chabi‐Olaye et al. 2005a; Mgoo 2005) nitrogen not only enhances survival of young stemborer larvae and thereby pest infestations but it also enhances the plant's tolerance to stemborer attacks. Reports from western Africa show that the nutritional status of maize affects noctuid borer densities as well as the plant's ability to compensate for pest damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal yield losses caused by lepidopterous stemborers at different nitrogen fertilizer rates in Ethiopia

Wale

Schulthess

Kairu

et al. 2006

J Applied Entomology

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Field trials were carried out at three locations in the cool-wet western and one location in the semiarid eastern ecozones of the Amhara State of Ethiopia to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on pest infestation and yield losses caused by lepidopterous stemborers in maize and sorghum. Three N fertilizer levels, i.e. 60, 120 and 180 kg/ ha for maize, and 41, 64, and 87 kg/ha for sorghum, were compared with a zero N treatment. The dominant pest species were the noctuid Busseola fusca (Fuller) and the invasive crambid Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Leaf N content was positively related to N fertilizer dosage. In general, pest density, parasitism, plant growth and borer damage variables increased with crop growth stage. On sorghum, in the cool-wet western Amhara, increasing levels of N fertilizer also tended to increase pest density, plant growth and damage variables. In the semiarid ecozone, parasitism by the exotic parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron tended to increase with N level. In the cool-wet ecozone, sorghum yields increased by up to 74% because of fertilization; losses caused by stemborers decreased linearly with N dosage from 49% to 36%. In maize, because of low borer densities, there were no discernable trends for pest infestation and yield losses. In the cool-wet ecozone, sorghum yields were positively related to insecticide application and plant height, and negatively to damage variables such as tunnelling and peduncle damage. In semiarid eastern Amhara, the effects of fertilizer on pest, damage and yield were low on both crops because of the higher soil fertility. The results indicate that the profitability of nitrogen fertilizer as an integrated pest management tactic in the control of cereal stemborers depends, among others, on the severity of borer damage and the soil fertility status prevailing in an area. It is concluded that N fertilizer helps minimize the impact of borers on grain yields, especially on sorghum and in the cool-wet ecozone.

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Yield loss due to the stemborerChilo partellus(Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) at different nitrogen application rates to maize

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of fertilizer and crop variety on the survival of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cereals in Ethiopia

Effect of fertilizer and crop variety on the survival of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cereals in Ethiopia

A Survey: Potential Impact of Genetically Modified Maize Tolerant to Drought or Resistant to Stem Borers in Uganda

Cereal yield losses caused by lepidopterous stemborers at different nitrogen fertilizer rates in Ethiopia

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