Yield prediction in parallel homogeneous assembly

Abstract

We investigate the parallel assembly of two-dimensional, geometrically-closed modular target structures out of homogeneous sets of macroscopic components of varying anisotropy. The yield predicted by a chemical reaction network (CRN)-based model is quantitatively shown to reproduce experimental results over a large set of conditions. Scaling laws for parallel assembling systems are then derived from the model. By extending the validity of the CRN-based modelling, this work prompts analysis and solutions to the incompatible substructure problem.

Kinetics of orbitally shaken particles constrained to two dimensions

“…The particles were 7 mm thick, geometrically equal sectors of a circle with radius of 25 mm. The sectors spanned an angle of 45 • , i.e., eight particles could assemble to form a full circle [18]. The particles' homogeneous color and anisotropic shape were chosen to facilitate the tracking of their positions and angular orientations, respectively.…”

“…As an alternative to fast spectroscopic techniques [4], analog microscopic [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and macroscopic models [12,13] of selfassembling systems can provide magnified if approximate representations of the interactions between particles, and of the timescales in which the interactions occur, amenable to easier investigations [14]. Analog macroscopic models have proven useful to study at least two aspects of self-assembling systems: particles' kinetics [15] and population/concentration dynamics [16][17][18]. Time evolution of particle populations has been theoretically studied using difference equations [16,17,19].…”

Self-assembly of millimeter-scale magnetic particles in suspension

“…Self-assembly in a bubble-column reactor is a collision-limited reaction: particles can only bond when they approach each other. 28 The self-assembly of millimeter-scale magnetic particles suspended in a viscous fluid involves hydrodynamic drag, magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, buoyancy and inertia. The dimensionless Mason number captures the interplay between drag and dipole interactions: 38,39 Mason number: Mn ¼…”

“…12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Kinetic traps are intermediate states with local energy minima that hinder the evolution towards the most stable target configuration. 28,29 Reversible bonds may help to overcome kinetic traps and correct errors during assembly. 2,10,12 Nucleation templates -as in heterogenous nucleation -and geometrical constraints can guide self-assembly and improve yield; 11,30,31 in fact, boundaries aid the self-assembly of lipid vesicles at the molecular scale 32 and of 3D printed particles at the macroscale.…”

Macroscopic magnetic self-assembly

“…Some intermediate structures can break out of local energy minima, due to the applied disturbing energy. It competes with bond formation, are those systems are self-assembling systems whereas intermediate structures remaining in a local energy minima are referred to as assembling systems (Ipparthi et al, 2017).…”