Yield Response of Spring Wheat and Barley to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Relation to Soil and Climatic Factors

Abstract

The relationship between yield response of spring wheat {Trlticum (aestivum L.)sp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to fertilizer N and various soil and climatic factors was determined in a total of 66 field experiments over a 3-year period using simple and multiple correlation and regression.Measured variables included precipitation and air temperature from seeding to harvest; available soil moisture and NH 4 -N plus NOj-N at seeding to a depth of 152 cm; N extracted with alkaline permanganate and total N to 61 cm; organic matter to 30.5 cm; and NH 4 -N plus NO 3 -N accumulated during 2 weeks incubation at 35C from samples retained field moist, frozen, and air-dried before incubation, to 61 cm.The factors that showed significant relationships with yield response to nitrogen fertilizer were (i) stored available soil moisture at seeding to 122 cm or a dry zone, (ii) stored NO 3 -N to 61 cm at seeding, (iii) precipitation from seeding to 5 days before harvest and (iv) degree days above 21C from 5 to 60 days before harvest.Using stored NO 3 -N, stored available moisture, average growing-season precipitation and temperature, and a calculated value of 8.40 kg of fertilizer N/ha to produce a yield response of I quintal, predicted N fertilizer rates were within 11.2 kg/ha of actual amounts required in over 50% and within 22.4 kg in 89% of the experiments.

Nitrate Nitrogen in the Soil as a Means of Predicting the Fertilizer Nitrogen Requirements of Barley

“…The amount of nitrogen a soil will supply is more dfficult to determine. Several investigators (3,4,6,7,8,9) The recovery of nitrogen by barley from broadcast NH"NO" was relatively constant over a wide range of application rates ( Table 2). The mean recovery for all rates was 527o with a standard deviation of 14.…”

Yield response of semidwarf and conventional height barley cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer under varying moisture conditions

“…Bole and Pittman 1980;Henry 1989;Marantz 1989 Pendleton et al (1953). Racz (197 (Pendleton 1953;Varvel and Seversen 1987) because the yield response of barley to applied N is greatly influenced by moisture availability (Young et al 1967;, Racz 1974, Heapy et al 1976Bole and Pittman 1980;Marantz 1989;Henry 1989 For personal use only. For personal use only.…”

Advances in Soil Science

“…Mengel and Casper (1980) found a highly significant correlation between the N uptake of corn and soil moisture with a model experiment, in which a split root technique was used to provide the plant with roots in both dry and wet soil. A clear relationship between soil moisture and N uptake of the crop has also been found under field conditions (Smika et al, 1965;Young et al, 1967). Under dry soil conditions N0 3 -may accumulate in the top layer of the soil (Page and Talibudeen, 1977).…”