Yielding Characteristic and Non-Coaxiality of Toyoura Sand on p′-Constant Shear Stress Plane

Undrained anisotropy and non-coaxial behavior of clayey soil under principal stress rotation

“…Li and Yu (2013a;2013b) demonstrated that the noncoaxility between the force anisotropy and the fabric anisotropy is the main cause leading to the deformation non-coaxiality of anisotropic sand. Stress probing tests on dense Toyoura sand carried out by Ohkawa et al (2011) also showed that non-coaxiality of sand was induced by the stress increment direction. Thus, based on the similar non-coaxial behavior of soil materials under identical stress paths, it can be concluded that the non-coaxial behavior of soil may depend more on the stress paths.…”

“…Non-coaxiality of 30° in sand under principal stress rotation was also observed by Wong and Arthur (1986) in tests conducted using a directional shear cell apparatus. Pradel et al (1990), Gutierrez et al (1991), and Ohkawa et al (2011) conducted stress probe tests, and showed that the plastic strain increment direction was strongly dependent on the direction of the stress increment. Gutierrez et al (1991) also noted that both the magnitude and the direction of stress influenced the direction of the plastic strain increment.…”

A micromechanical study on the stress rotation in granular materials due to fabric evolution

“…Drescher & de Josselin de Jong [3] reported non-coaxiality in the deformation of an assembly of photoelastic discs in the simulation of a two-dimensional granular media. High deviations of the axes were also observed in directional shear cell [e.g., 4,5], hollow cylindrical apparatus [e.g., 6,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and plain strain (Schneebeli cylinder) tests [14]. In all the experiments, it was found that the deviation is significant at small shear strain, but gradually reduces with the increase in the shear strain and they coincide at large deformations.…”

Geotechnical Predictions and Practice in Dealing with Geohazards

“…Hereafter, the model will be verified comparing with the test results of Ohkawa et al (2011) for drained shear at p ¼ 98 kPa from the isotropic stress state as shown in Fig. 12.4.…”

“…Through the experiment tests using advanced devices such as a hollow cylindrical apparatus that makes possible the control of test conditions under the rotation of the principal stress axes, it has been revealed that the direction of inelastic strain increment is dependent on that of the stress increment (e.g., Ishihara and Towhata 1983;Miura et al 1986;Gutierrez et al 1991;Ohkawa et al 2011). Noncoaxiality between directions of principal stress and those of inelastic stretching (or strain increment) is an essential property of soil materials and has received considerable attention both in experimental and theoretical works.…”