Yields and nitrogen nutrition of intercropped maize and ricebean (Vigna umbellata [Thumb.] Ohwi and Ohashi)

Rerkasem, Kanok; Rerkasem, Benjavan

doi:10.1007/bf02370110

Cited by 38 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The 'indirect' pathway of N transfer via mineralisation of residues and uptake by the non-legume crop is comparatively understood, direct transfer pathways are less well understood (Peoples et al, 2015). Our results agree with studies that reported that cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) in field and glasshouse experiments and ricebeans (Vigna umbellata) in a field trial did not appear to directly transfer N to maize (Rerkasem andRerkasem, 1988, Ofori andStern, 1986). Similarly, reviews on the topic have concluded that contribution of direct N transfer are minor or negligible (Peoples and Herridge, 1990).…”

Section: Effects Of Soybean On Sugarcane Biomass and Nitrogen Accumulsupporting

confidence: 88%

Developing sugarcane - legume companion cropping systems to minimise nitrous oxide emissions

Cajas¹,

Elizabeth²

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Global efforts are underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from anthropogenic activities. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions accounted for 13% of Australia's National GHG inventory over the period 2016-2017 (NGGI, 2017) with most N2O derived from agricultural soils. Sugarcane soils are high emitters of N2O, and this thesis explores whether legumes, grown as a companion crop with biological N2 fixation (BNF) capacity, can partially replace N fertiliser to lower the emissions of N2O from sugarcane soil. Chapter 2 synthesises published literature on sugarcane intercropping. Most research has focussed on the productivity of sugarcane with intercrops, including legumes. Intercropping can benefit sugarcane yield, have neutral or negative effects. This practice is common in subsistence agriculture, and farm income benefits, but environmental benefits intercropping have not been a research focus. Chapters 3 and 4 explore sugarcane-legume intercropping at three commercial farms in Australia. N2O emissions, soil and crop variables were quantified with different N fertiliser applications and in the presence or absence of legumes. The farms, two Rain-fed, one Irrigated, were located in the dry and wet tropics, and in the subtropics, representing different climate and agronomic settings. Industry-recommended (full) N fertiliser rates were compared with up to 50% reduced N fertiliser rates in the presence or absence of legume and benchmarked against a zero N fertiliser control. We hypothesised that reduced application of N fertiliser limits sugarcane growth and that legumes can alleviate N limitation. However, full and reduced N fertiliser treatments mostly generated similar sugarcane yields, confirming that industryrecommended full N fertiliser rates exceed sugarcane needs. In line with this notion, the reduced N+legume treatments did not improve sugarcane growth. N2O emissions in reduced N+legume were either similar to reduced N fertiliser sugarcane monoculture or higher and similar to the emissions observed with full N fertiliser rates. Soybean strongly benefitted sugarcane yield under N limiting conditions (zero N fertiliser) at one farm, increasing soluble soil N levels and nearly doubling sugarcane yield compared to zero-N sugarcane monoculture, and generating 6-times lower N2O emissions than the full N rate. At the Rain-fed sites, soil nitrate levels explained 81 and 64% of N2O emissions; at the Irrigated site, the interaction of soil nitrate and soil moisture explained 63% of N2O emissions. High N2O emissions factors at the subtropical site were associated with wet, low drainage soil (>70% water filled pore space over summer), conditions that promote denitrification. High N fertiliser rates in Irrigated, welliii draining soils had lower N2O emissions, possibly shifting N losses from gaseous to leaching. The promising findings observed with soybean under N limitation require further investigation to explore N2O mitigation options with a view of optimising legume facilitation and the 'tipping point' for N fertiliser...

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Section: Effects Of Soybean On Sugarcane Biomass and Nitrogen Accumulsupporting

confidence: 88%

Developing sugarcane - legume companion cropping systems to minimise nitrous oxide emissions

Cajas¹,

Elizabeth²

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“…7)] and the resuits from other mSN experiments (Rerkasem, and Rerkasem, 1988) showed that the proportion of legume N derived from N2 was higher in ricebean grown in association with maize than when grown as a sole crop. The stimulation of symbiotic activity and suppression of uptake of soil N by ricebean contributed to an increase in total crop N in maize:ricebean intercrops (Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measurement of N2 fixation in maize (Zea mays L.)—ricebean (Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi and Ohashi) intercrops

Rerkasem

Peoples

et al. 1988

Plant Soil

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The yield of N in maize (Zea mays L.) and ricebean (Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi and Ohashi) were compared on a Tropoqualf soil in North Thailand in 1984 and 1985. Both species were grown in field plots in monoculture or as intercrops at a constant planting density equivalent to 8 maize or 16 ricebean plants per m 2. The contribution of symbiotic N 2 fixation to ricebean growth was estimated from measurements of the natural abundance of ~SN (6~N) in shoot nitrogen and from analysis of ureides in xylem sap vacuumextracted from detached stems.The natural abundance of ~SN in the intercropped ricebean was found to be considerably less than that in monoculture in both growing seasons. Using maize and a weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.) as non-fixing ~SN reference plants the proportions (P ~SN) of ricebean shoot N derived from N 2 fixation ranged from 0.27 to 0.36 in monoculture ricebean up to 0.86 when grown in a 75% maize: 25% ricebean intercrop. When glasshouse-derived calibration curves were used to calculate plant proportional N2 fixation (Pur) from the relative ureide contents of field collected xylem exudates, the contribution ofN 2 fixation to ricebean N yields throughout the 1985 growing season were greater in intercrop than in monocrop even at the lowest maize:legume ratio (25:75). Seasonal patterns of sap ureide abundance indicated that N2 fixation was greatest at the time of ricebean podset. The average Pur and P~SN in ricebean during the first 90 days of growth showed identical rankings of monocrop and intercrop treatments in terms of N z fixation, although the two sets of P values were different. Nonetheless, seasonal estimates of N 2 fixation during the entire 147 days of legume growth determined from ureide analyses indicated that equivalent amounts of N could be fixed by ricebean in a 75:25 intercrop and in monoculture despite the former being planted at one-quarter the density.Abbreviations. P = proportion of ricebean N derived from symbiotic N2 fixation; P~SN as calculated from ~SN abundance in total N of shoots; Pur as calculated from the relative abundance of ureide N in xylem sap.

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“…Eaglesham et al (1981) and Hamel et al (1991) suggest that transfer is via legume excretion and subsequent maize uptake rather than by direct transfer. Maize can also benefit as a result of the legume taking less soil nitrogen, as indicated by Rerkasem and Rerkasem (1988) and Martin et al (1991). Further studies are required to determine to what extent the benefit to the maize was due to nitrogen transfer from the bean and to what extent it was due to reduced competition by the bean for the scarce soil nitrogen pool.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RhizobiumInoculation Increases of Bean and Maize Yields in Intercrops on Farms in the Peruvian Sierra

1994

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Nitrogen deficiency severely limits production of the bean-maize association grown by smallscale farmers in upland Peru. Sixty-four bean Rhizobium isolates were evaluated for induction of a plant growth response in pots of soil from the area and 14of the most promising strains of these were tested on farmers' fields in 13 trials over a three year period. Bean yields were increased by inoculation with at least one Rhizobium strain in seven of the trials, with increases ranging from 0.21 to 0.68 t ha" 1 . Bean yields were not increased by the application of 120 kg N ha" 1 to the intercrop. Maize yields were increased by Rhizobium inoculation in nine of the 13 trials by between 0.34 and 1.85 t ha" 1 . Maize responded to nitrogen fertilizer on the same nine farms. This Rhizobium selection strategy, although laborious, was effective in identifying strains that can be recommended for use as inoculants by farmers in the region.Inoculation de Rhizobium en una siembra simultdnea deporotolmaiz RESUMEN La deficiencia de nitrogeno limita severamente la production en el cultivo asociado de poroto/ mafz empleado por los agricultores en pequena escala de las tierras altas del Peru. Se evaluo la induction de una respuesta de desarrollo de planta utilizando 64 aislados de Rhizobium de poroto en macetas con tierra de la region, y 14 de las cepas mas prometedores fueron puestas a prueba en los campos de los agricultores en 13 ensayos realizados durante el transcurso de 3 afios. En 7 ensayos los rendimientos de poroto aumentaron con la inoculation de por lo menos una cepa de Rhizobium, con incrementos de entre 0,21 y 0,68 t ha" 1 . Los rendimientos de poroto no aumentaron mediante la aplicacion de 120 kg N ha" 1 al cultivo simultaneo. El mafz respondio al fertilizante con nitrogeno en las mismas 9 fincas. Esta estrategia de selection de Rhizobium, si bien laboriosa, resulto eficaz para identificar las cepas que se pueden recomendar como inoculantes a los agricultores de la region.

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Yields and nitrogen nutrition of intercropped maize and ricebean (Vigna umbellata [Thumb.] Ohwi and Ohashi)

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Developing sugarcane - legume companion cropping systems to minimise nitrous oxide emissions

Developing sugarcane - legume companion cropping systems to minimise nitrous oxide emissions

Measurement of N2 fixation in maize (Zea mays L.)—ricebean (Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi and Ohashi) intercrops

RhizobiumInoculation Increases of Bean and Maize Yields in Intercrops on Farms in the Peruvian Sierra

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