YKL-40 expression in CD14<sup>+</sup>liver cells in acute and chronic injury

Pizano-Martínez, Óscar; Yáñez-Sánchez, Irinea; Alatorre-Carranza, Pilar; Miranda-Díaz, Alejandra Guillermina; Ortiz‐Lazareno, Pablo César; García-Iglesias, Trinidad; Daneri-Navarro, ́Adrián; Mercado, Mónica Vázquez-Del; Fafutis‐Morris, Mary; Delgado‐Rizo, Vidal

doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i33.3830

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Its level in cirrhotic patients was significantly higher compared to CHC cases (p < 0.01). These results are in agreement with other studies ( 9 , 53 , 54 , 61 ). Rath et al ( 62 ) suggested that YKL-40 was a powerful fibrosis marker with high diagnostic accuracy, particularly in HCV-associated liver disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Serum Markers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition as Predictors of HCV-induced Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mm¹,

Sa²,

El‐Ahwany³

et al. 2015

Electron physician

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IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease in Egypt, leading to hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Newly-recognized pathogenic mechanisms point to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocytes to matrix synthesizing (myo-) fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1), bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are biomarkers reflecting the EMT process. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein member of ECM and plays a role in cancer cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum biomarkers of EMT and its impact on the fibrogenic process and tumorigenesis in HCV-genotype 4 patients.MethodsIn this case-control study that was conducted in 2013–2014, 97 HCV-infected patients were subjected to clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and liver biopsy. According to the histopathologic examination, they were classified to F0 (14 cases), F1 (17 cases), F2 (15 cases), F3 (18 cases), F4 (22 cases), and HCC (11 cases). Fifteen age- and gender-matched subjects were included as normal controls. Serum levels of TGF-β1, BMP-7, CTGF, YKL-40 were assessed, and the TGF-β1/BMP-7 ratios were calculated. The data were analyzed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Spearman’s rho).ResultsSerum levels of TGF-β1, BMP-7, CTGF, and YKL-40 were significantly increased in all patient groups compared to controls (p < 0.001). LC exhibited the highest CTGF level and YKL-40 was highest in HCC. The TGF-β1/ BMP-7 ratios reflected the progression of EMT from CHC to LC, however, there was no significant difference between LC and HCC. TGF-β1/ BMP-7 ratio is considered to reflect positive correlation with CTGF in LC group (r = 0.629; p < 0.03) and YKL-40 in HCC group (r = 0.504; p < 0.04).ConclusionIncreased TGF-β1/BMP-7 ratio and CTGF levels reflect the rate of EMT and provide information about fibrogenic activity. Also, this ratio, in association with YKL-40, can be used to predict malignant transformation in HCV-genotype 4 Egyptian patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Serum Markers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition as Predictors of HCV-induced Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mm¹,

Sa²,

El‐Ahwany³

et al. 2015

Electron physician

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“…In addition, elevated YKL-40 was found in a vast array of inflammatory diseases that contain bacterial infections (Kronborg et al, 2002), rheumatoid arthritis (Nielsen et al, 2011), osteoarthritis (Volck et al, 2001), hepatic fibrosis (Pizano-Martinez et al, 2011), and hepatitis (Johansen et al, 2000; Fontana et al, 2010), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Park et al, 2010), neuroinflammation (Bonneh-Barkay et al, 2010), and bowel lesion (Vind et al, 2003). In the chronic inflammatory diseases, YKL-40 is appreciated to mediate infiltration, differentiation, and maturation of macrophages, the primary leukocytes in response to inflammation (Boot et al, 1995; Rehli et al, 1997; Renkema et al, 1998; Rehli et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

YKL-40 acts as an angiogenic factor to promote tumor angiogenesis

Shao¹

2013

Front. Physiol.

107

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A secreted glycoprotein YKL-40 also named chitinase-3-like-1 is normally expressed by multiple cell types such as macrophages, chondrocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, a prominently high level of YKL-40 was found in a wide spectrum of human diseases including cancers and chronic inflammatory diseases where it was strongly expressed by cancerous cells and infiltrating macrophages. Here, we summarized recent important findings of YKL-40 derived from cancerous cells and smooth muscle cells during tumor angiogenesis and development. YKL-40 is a potent angiogenic factor capable of stimulating tumor vascularization mediated by endothelial cells and maintaining vascular integrity supported by smooth muscle cells. In addition, YKL-40 induces FAK-MAPK signaling and up-regulates VEGF receptor 2 in endothelial cells; but a neutralizing antibody (mAY) against YKL-40 inhibits its angiogenic activity. While YKL-40 is essential for angiogenesis, little is known about its functional role in tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-mediated tumor development. Therefore, significant efforts are urgently needed to identify pathophysiological function of YKL-40 in the dynamic interaction between tumor cells and TAMs in the tumor microenvironment, which may offer substantial mechanistic insights into tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and also point to a therapeutic target for treatment of cancers and other diseases.

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“…It is produced by multiple cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages (MΦ), chondrocytes, synovial cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells . Increased levels of Chi3l1 have been correlated with poor prognosis in liver diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma . However, the biological functions of Chi3l1 in the liver remain mysterious.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(16,17) Increased levels of Chi3l1 have been correlated with poor prognosis in liver diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. (18,19) However, the biological functions of Chi3l1 in the liver remain mysterious. Our study indicates that Chi3l1 plays a critical role in promoting IAOC and liver injury through inducing tissue factor (TF) expression via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chitinase 3‐like‐1 promotes intrahepatic activation of coagulation through induction of tissue factor in mice

et al. 2018

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YKL-40 expression in CD14⁺liver cells in acute and chronic injury

Abstract: Hepatic CD14⁺ cells are an YKL-40 mRNA and protein source in acute and chronic liver injury, with expression patterns similar to growth factors implicated in inflammation-fibrogenesis.

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Serum Markers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition as Predictors of HCV-induced Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Serum Markers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition as Predictors of HCV-induced Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

YKL-40 acts as an angiogenic factor to promote tumor angiogenesis

Chitinase 3‐like‐1 promotes intrahepatic activation of coagulation through induction of tissue factor in mice

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YKL-40 expression in CD14+liver cells in acute and chronic injury

Abstract: Hepatic CD14⁺ cells are an YKL-40 mRNA and protein source in acute and chronic liver injury, with expression patterns similar to growth factors implicated in inflammation-fibrogenesis.

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Serum Markers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition as Predictors of HCV-induced Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Serum Markers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition as Predictors of HCV-induced Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

YKL-40 acts as an angiogenic factor to promote tumor angiogenesis

Chitinase 3‐like‐1 promotes intrahepatic activation of coagulation through induction of tissue factor in mice

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YKL-40 expression in CD14⁺liver cells in acute and chronic injury