“…This seminal article has received a lot of attention since its publication in the Wall Street Journal in 2005 due to its polemical nature and Wahid's position as an international Moslem scholar and a global defender of pluralism (Masduqi, 2019;Masduqi, Subiyanto, & Chotib, 2022). Furthermore, numerous scholars across disciplines have investigated mass media representation of Muslims and Islam through various lenses of analytical inquiry and across varying geo-political contexts, which include: North America (Ibrahim, 2010;Kumar, 2010;Said, 1980;Shaheen, 2009), Europe (Ehrkamp, 2010;Poole, 2002), Latin America (Ahlin and Carler, 2011), Oceanian countries (Ewart, 2012;Kabir, N, 2011;Kabir, S, 2010;Patil, 2015), Asia (Ahmed, 2010(Ahmed, , 2012Green, 2013), and Indonesia (Gathmyr et al, 2018;Irawan, 2017;Santoso, Abdullah, Sjuhro, & Maryani, 2019). Although there has been a considerable body of research, a methodical analysis of literature that gives us a more detailed, objective understanding of mass media portrayals of Islam and Muslims is still lacking and therefore, needs to be conducted.…”