“…While these explanations are surely correct in some cases, they do not explain all of the relevant evidence. Moral violations have been shown to activate the same neural substrates as other disgusting things (e.g., Sanfey et al 2003) and to give rise to all of the main functional outputs of disgust, including the 'gape' expression (Chapman et al 2009), feelings of disgust (Fileva 2020), and representations of contamination (e.g., Tapp & Occhipinti 2016). cally modified "Beltsville pigs" who had deformed heads (see also, e.g., Burke 1759Burke /1990Bosanquet 1889: 45;Paris 2017: 141;Rosenkranz 1853Rosenkranz /2015Bayley 2012: e.g., 86, 135, 206;Eco 2007: e.g., 49, 51;Lessing 1766Lessing /1905Henderson 2015a: e.g., 49-50, 75, 99-104;Aikin & Jones 2015: 214-15;Felisberti 2021;and Garvin 1948: 405).…”