You gain when you give: Constructing a sustainable development model for world heritage sites

Wang, Shi-Xiao; Lu, Wen‐Min; Hung, Shiu‐Wan

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129547

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…On the other hand, Wang et al (2021) believe that market penetration may only promote activities that are entirely related to economic development as opposed to other sustainability issues (environmental preservation and social-cultural values). While this can be true to some extent for those heritage site managers who intend to capitalize on economic gains, environmentalists and gender activists are now coming up to defend the marginalized.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Market Penetration Strategies for Sustainable Conservation of Heritage Sites in Nyeri County, Kenya

Kinyua

2023

JHTM

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Sustainable conservation has become popular in tourism, accepted by developers and stakeholders as an economically viable, socially acceptable, and environmentally friendly model for heritage tourism development models. However, heritage tourism encounters challenges like cultural commercialization, deterioration, development pressure, marketing gaps, and insufficient maintenance. Consequently, Kenya has prioritized long-term heritage tourism development goals to realize Vision 2030. This paper examines how market penetration strategies can leverage the sustainable conservation of heritage sites in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design, targeting the local community members, tourists visiting the heritage sites, key informants from the local government of Nyeri, officials from the National Museums of Kenya, and site supervisors. The sample size was 762 respondents, 11 were interviewed, and 752 were administered questionnaires. The results of correlation analysis revealed that market penetration strategies exhibited a positive and statistically significant relationship with sustainable conservation (r=0.620, P=0.000), explaining 38.4% of heritage sites' sustainable conservation variations. The study concludes that market penetration catalyzes the sustainable preservation of heritage sites. The study recommends integrating heritage sites into the County's economic plans and employing a comprehensive approach that engages the local community at all stages. This approach should encompass these sites' social, cultural, and economic importance for the local population. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need for a collaborative effort involving multiple government levels and diverse agencies to develop, expand, and market heritage products, with due consideration for biodiversity conservation. Keywords: Biodiversity, Heritage Sites, Market Penetration Strategies, Nyeri County, Sustainable Conservation, Tourism.

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Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Market Penetration Strategies for Sustainable Conservation of Heritage Sites in Nyeri County, Kenya

Kinyua

2023

JHTM

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“…The heritage site resistance can be enhanced by integrating goals including pollution reduction, carbon emissions reduction, energy saving, economic growth, and sustainable tourism. Only by continuously improving society's ability to cope with risks can the resilience of heritage sites be truly enhanced [98,99].…”

Section: Promoting Heritage Conservation Through Social Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Potential Co-Benefit of Air Quality Improvement on Cultural Heritage in China

Wang

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Atmospheric pollutants can corrode heritage materials, especially stone, which can cause a great loss that goes far beyond the economic losses of the degraded materials. Over the past decades, conventional air pollutants have been slashed owing to clean air actions in China, which produces a significant co-benefit for heritage conservation. However, the benefits may be offset by increases in the photochemical oxidants in smog, such as ozone, which damage heritage materials. This study employed dose–response functions to quantify the impacts of air pollutants on the surface recession of the limestone of heritage structures in China, and assessed the potential benefits of air quality improvement for heritage conservation. The results show that the annual recession rate decreased from 9.69 μmy−1 in 2006 to 6.71 μmy−1 in 2020, resulting in a 41.4% increase in the number of heritage sites meeting the ICP Materials (International Co-operative Program on Effects on Materials including Historic and Cultural Monuments) control target of 8 µmy−1 for 2020. The air quality improvement avoided CNY 136.2 million in heritage site maintenance costs. The recession risk shows distinct regional differences; the southern and northwest regions are still at a higher material corrosion level than the northern and Qinghai–Tibet regions. Nationwide, PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) is the main risk factor responsible for the surface recession of limestone material of heritage structures in China. The study provides evidence for the benefits of air quality improvement for heritage conservation. Further, the study also puts forward policy recommendations for heritage conservation, including assessing pollution risk, promoting heritage conservation through social sustainability, and implementing differentiated conservation strategies.

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“…Tourism in historical cities may contribute to economic growth and generation of employment, as Timothy [45] states in his research. This improves the social development (quality of life) of the population dedicated to several activities such as tourism, services, and trade [6]. The cultural tourism makes notable contributions to the economic dynamics of the city and helps develop the tourism and leisure industry.…”

Section: Sustainability Of Architectural Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sustainability is a concept that helps establish resilient systems and increases adaptability to change, durability, and the possibility to remain diverse and productive over time. It also explains the means for stabilizing human needs across time [3], and requires economic efficiency [4], a socio-ecological perspective [5], and strong environmental protection policies [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

et al. 2021

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Limited studies have been carried out in emerging nations on the correlation among the environmental pollution, economic factors, and architectural heritage. For this reason, this research presents an assessment of environmental parameter values on materials deterioration used in architectural heritage in Cartagena de Indias; furthermore, it depicts the effect of heritage degradation on socioeconomic aspects of people whose livelihood depends on trade, tourism, and service activities. Dose-response functions were used for estimating of deterioration of carbon steel, copper, and zinc caused by relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), sulphur dioxide deposition (DSO2), and chloride deposition (DCl−). In addition, socioeconomic impact on architectural heritage was studied using a Socioeconomic Impact Survey (SEIS), with the sample of 174 individuals who work in areas of great architectural value in the city. The results show a corrosion rate (Vcorr) in the range of 80 < Vcorr < 200, 2.8 < Vcorr < 5.6 and 4.2 < Vcorr < 8.4 μm/year for carbon steel, copper, and zinc, respectively, due to the high level of pollutants. The high deterioration jointly with the lack of citizen culture affect the architectural heritage monuments causing a negative impact in several economic aspects. The establishment of public programs is essential for the conservation of the heritage monuments of the city.

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You gain when you give: Constructing a sustainable development model for world heritage sites

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

Fostering Market Penetration Strategies for Sustainable Conservation of Heritage Sites in Nyeri County, Kenya

Fostering Market Penetration Strategies for Sustainable Conservation of Heritage Sites in Nyeri County, Kenya

Quantifying the Potential Co-Benefit of Air Quality Improvement on Cultural Heritage in China

Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

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