“You’ll Be Chased Away”: Sources, Experiences, and Effects of Violence and Stigma among Gay and Bisexual Men in Kenya

Lewis, Katherine; Jadwin-Cakmak, Laura; Walimbwa, Jeffrey; Ogunbajo, Adedotun; Jauregui, Juan C.; Onyango, Daniel Peter; Moore, Darius M.; Johnson, Gabriel L.; Odero, Wilson; Harper, Gary W.

doi:10.3390/ijerph20042825

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Stigma and discrimination are often embedded into structures and institutions that implement laws and practices influencing the lives of people living with mental illnesses. In addition, stigma associated with other individual characteristics, including sexual and gender identities and health conditions, is a risk factor for mental disorders including depression and anxiety [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Social and Economic Determinants Of Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Are Going

Moitra

Owens

Hailemariam

et al. 2023

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review To summarize recent findings in global mental health along several domains including socioeconomic determinants, inequities, funding, and inclusion in global mental health research and practice. Recent Findings Mental illness continues to disproportionately impact vulnerable populations and treatment coverage continues to be low globally. Advances in integrating mental health care and adopting task-shifting are accompanied by implementation challenges. The mental health impact of recent global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geo-political events, and environmental change is likely to persist and require coordinated care approaches for those in need of psychosocial support. Inequities also exist in funding for global mental health and there has been gradual progress in terms of building local capacity for mental health care programs and research. Lastly, there is an increasing effort to include people with lived experiences of mental health in research and policy shaping efforts. Summary The field of global mental health will likely continue to be informed by evidence and perspectives originating increasingly from low- and middle-income countries along with ongoing global events and centering of relevant stakeholders.

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Section: Social and Economic Determinants Of Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Are Going

Moitra

Owens

Hailemariam

et al. 2023

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…Similarly, Lewis et al (2023) found that, aside from presenting as conforming to gender and sex-ascribed roles and identities within stigmatized communities, GBMSM sought partners outside their societies to avoid violence and stigma. This study presents a possible third reason: security against threats from people outside their communities who suspect them of engaging in same-sex sexual behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community stigma, victimization, and coping strategies among gays, bisexuals, and other cis-gender men who have sex with men in slum communities in Ghana. BSGH-003

Shamrock,

Abu-Ba'are,

Zigah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Gays, bisexuals, and cis-gender men who have sex with men (GBMSM) face severe consequences, especially within stigmatized environments. However, very little is known about the experiences of GBMSM living in slums in SSA and Ghana. This study investigates the experiences of stigma, victimization, and coping strategies and proposes some interventional approaches for combating stigma facing GBMSM in slum communities. Methods We engaged GBMSM living in slums in two major Ghanaian cities. We used a time-location sampling and collected data through in-depth individual interviews. Two major themes emerged from the study: 1) insecurities and criminalization of GBMSM activity, and 2) GBMSM coping strategies. Results Findings show GBMSM experienced negative attitudes from the community due to their sexual behavior/orientation. GBMSM also developed coping strategies to avert negative experiences, such as hiding their identities/behavior, avoiding gender non-conforming men, and having relationships with persons outside their communities. Conclusion We propose interventions such as HIV Education, Empathy, and Empowerment and Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy as possible measures to improve the experiences of GBMSM living in Ghanaian slum communities.

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“…Another study states that stigma and violence affects mental health, sexual health, physical health, socioeconomic status, and access to health promotion services. 10 This emphasizes the need to decriminalize same-sex orientation and interventions to support their health. Another study established that there is a higher stigma and distrust among homosexuals compared to heterosexuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of HIV and AIDS services among lesbian, gay and bisexual identifying youths aged 18 to 35 years in Nairobi city county, Kenya

Lanyo,

Orago,

Mugo

2023

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: The study assessed the general uptake of HIV&AIDS care among the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LBG) identifying youths in Nairobi County. The focus was on sexual orientation and not gender identity. This research unpacked the depth in which socio-cultural, religious, systemic, personal attitudes and perceptions base contribute to the uptake of HIV&AIDS care and interventions to be scaled up. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design, involving qualitative and quantitative methods. The sample size was n=84 determined through the formula n=z2(1 –α/2)(1- P)/ɛ2P due to unknown nature and number of the target population in Nairobi. Used snowball sampling technique and a virtual snowball sampling to reach the population. Purposive sampling was applied to reach key informants. Descriptive statistical analysis was utilized reinforced by cross tabulation. Results: The uptake of HIV&AIDS services was 86% among the lesbian, gay and bisexual youths in Nairobi. The majority access HIV prevention and care services from government/public health facilities followed closely by NGO led facilities. Personal attitude and perception base play a significant role in utilization; 57% engaged in risky sexual activities. A majority (87%) of the respondents experienced injustices while accessing HIV&AIDS services attributed the experiences to their sexual orientation. Conclusions: The health care providers should be adequately trained to provide comprehensive, inclusive, non-judgmental services; policies evaluated to provide non-discriminatory services to eliminate stigmatization of the population. The findings intend to inform programming of HIV&AIDS for this subset of key population and bridge the knowledge gap.

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“You’ll Be Chased Away”: Sources, Experiences, and Effects of Violence and Stigma among Gay and Bisexual Men in Kenya

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Global Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Are Going

Global Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Are Going

Community stigma, victimization, and coping strategies among gays, bisexuals, and other cis-gender men who have sex with men in slum communities in Ghana. BSGH-003

Uptake of HIV and AIDS services among lesbian, gay and bisexual identifying youths aged 18 to 35 years in Nairobi city county, Kenya

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