Young Adolescents, Tobacco Advertising, and Smoking

Santana-Jiménez, Yolanda; González, Beatriz; Pinilla, Jaime; Calvo, José R.; Pérez, Patricia Barber

doi:10.2190/jbvv-cm4h-9f90-fwjy

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Specifically, using a longitudinal design, we assessed how the average smoking behaviors of one’s same-sex school peers (in the past month and ever in life) affect the recent and lifetime smoking behaviors of these students. We found that smoking prevalence increased across the middle school years—this is consistent with previous reports of age relating positively to higher rates of smoking 7 and that many new persons under age 18 initiate smoking each year. 1 We also found the effect of school-level (all classrooms in the target grade) smoking on individual smoking to hold for both boys and girls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…4,5 By eighth grade, more than a quarter of US students have tried cigarettes, and by the end of high school, the percent who have tried smoking increases to more than half. 6,7 In fact, every day nearly 5500 youth under age 18 try cigarettes for the first time, and almost 3000 more become daily smokers. 3,8, Tobacco use also increases after school transitions, for example, the transition from middle to high school.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classroom Norms and Individual Smoking Behavior in Middle School

Yarnell¹,

Brown²,

Pasch³

et al. 2012

Am J Hlth Behav

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Objectives-To investigate whether smoking prevalence in grade-level networks influences individual smoking, suggesting that peers are important social multipliers in teen smoking.Methods-We measured gender-specific, grade-level recent and life-time smoking among urban middle-school students who participated in Project Northland Chicago in a longitudinal cohort design.Results-Within schools, grade-level recent smoking had comparable effects on girls' and boys' individual-level smoking. Grade-level lifetime smoking had a greater effect on girls' smoking. Conclusion-Interventions can target middle school classes and schools broadly, without making the identification of friendship networks a concern.Keywords social norms; smoking; middle school; gender Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of death in the United States; 1 these deaths are both premature and preventable. 2,3 Most adult smokers begin to smoke in adolescence. 4,5 By eighth grade, more than a quarter of US students have tried cigarettes, and by the end of high school, the percent who have tried smoking increases to more than half. 6,7 In fact, every day nearly 5500 youth under age 18 try cigarettes for the first time, and almost 3000 more become daily smokers. 3,8, Tobacco use also increases after school transitions, for example, the transition from middle to high school. [8][9][10] The pattern for initiation of cigarette use is the same as that seen for other drugs (alcohol and marijuana): use begins gradually in elementary and middle school, accelerates in late middle and high school, continues to increase during young adulthood, and gradually stabilizes or decreases in middle adulthood. 8 Contact Dr Brown, h.shelton.brown@uth.tmc.edu. Given the addictive nature of smoking, the focus of public health efforts has been to prevent smoking among children. [11][12][13] Recent research on health behaviors and peer influence, particularly in the area of obesity, has offered a hopeful sign: perhaps peer group effects, 14 which partly cause poor health behavior, can also improve health behavior. If influential persons within peer groups change behavior, this may lead others in the peer group to improve behavior, even if they themselves are not a direct target of the intervention. The ripple effects of changes in health behaviors carrying over to others is known as a social multiplier. 15 The existence of social multipliers means that scarce prevention resources could conceivably be concentrated on smokers or potential smokers rather than spreading resources more thinly across all children, who may or may not be at specific risk for smoking. NIH Public AccessPeer influence may be the most significant social risk factor in adolescent experimentation with drugs such as tobacco; it is more powerful than parental influence. [16][17][18] Keefe 19 showed that as youth age, parental influence on substance use decreases, but peer influence remains strong and consistent. The result that peers are more influential than parents in predicting adolescent substance...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classroom Norms and Individual Smoking Behavior in Middle School

Yarnell¹,

Brown²,

Pasch³

et al. 2012

Am J Hlth Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, such messages should be pilot tested to an audience of teenagers to explore which tobacco counter‐marketing strategies are most effective for reducing youth tobacco use. As mentioned previously, some anti‐tobacco campaigns have shown more efficacy than others 22‐24 and it appears anti‐tobacco messages should be very specifically tailored to teens based on factors such as age, smoking status, and even certain psychological profiles 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence about this important concept is still unclear, 33 and few studies have examined it. Some of the perceived benefits of smoking so far recorded include weight control, 9 social desirability and perceived improvement in self‐image and self‐esteem 9,12,34 . Identifying such reasons and examining the strength of association between perceived benefit of smoking and actual tobacco use may be critical in order to understand teens’ motivations for smoking and how and where to intervene with antismoking messages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some factors that affect adolescents' smoking are well established, others are still not. For example, there are well-established associations between youth tobacco use and race/ ethnicity, [4][5][6] the influence of peers, 5,7-11 pro-tobacco advertising, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and the alluring promotional items provided by the tobacco industry. 16,[19][20][21] However, several factors, such as exposure to counter-tobacco campaigns, exposure to information about health consequences of tobacco use, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in homes and/or cars, and perceived benefit of smoking have not shown consistent and robust associations with youth tobacco use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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