Young Adult's Immediate Reaction to a Personal Alcohol Overdose

Reis, Janet; Harned, Ilene; Riley, William L.

doi:10.2190/ny8n-d7d7-pvf8-mlcu

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Social Learning Theories (SLT; Bandura, 1986) of alcohol use behavior suggest that cognitions (e.g., motivations, expectancies, interpretations) represent the most proximal influences on maladaptive alcohol use behavior, mediating the effects of a variety of more distal environmental and individual difference variables (Maisto, Carey, & Bradizza, 1999). From this perspective, although salient alcohol-related events have been linked to subsequent motivation to change in adults (Apodaca & Schermer, 2001; Dunn et al, 2003; Perreira & Sloan, 2001) and college students (Reis, Harned, & Riley, 2004), it likely is not the consequences themselves that prompt change, but one's cognitive appraisal (i.e., subjective evaluation) of those consequences (Sobell et al, 1993).…”

Section: Subjective Evaluations As Predictors Of Change: Theoretical ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this perspective, although salient alcohol-related events have been linked to subsequent motivation to change in adults (Apodaca & Schermer, 2001; Dunn et al, 2003; Perreira & Sloan, 2001) and college students (Reis, Harned, & Riley, 2004), it likely is not the consequences themselves that prompt change, but one’s cognitive appraisal (i.e., subjective evaluation) of those consequences (Sobell et al, 1993). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The way one thinks affects the way one drinks: Subjective evaluations of alcohol consequences predict subsequent change in drinking behavior.

Merrill

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Barnett

2013

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Heavy alcohol use and related consequences are common during the college years, and are associated with deleterious outcomes for both the students themselves and the college community. Some college students make self-initiated changes to their drinking to avoid such outcomes, but little is known about how such adjustments occur, or characteristics that are associated with making these adjustments. Based on Social Learning Theory (SLT), one cognitive factor that may predict within-person changes in drinking is the subjective evaluations of alcohol consequences (i.e., the extent to which consequences are perceived as negative, aversive or severe). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether subjective evaluations of recently experienced consequences influence within-person changes in drinking behavior. In ten weekly, web-based surveys, regularly drinking college students (N=96, 50 female) reported on their previous week alcohol use and experience of 24 alcohol-related consequences, as well as their subjective evaluations of those consequences. Results demonstrated that evaluations across the consequences varied, and that in addition to differing from one another, students’ evaluations of consequences differed at the within-person level over time. Most importantly, hierarchical linear model tests revealed that students drank less and experienced fewer consequences following weeks in which they rated their consequences as more negative (relative to their own typical subjective evaluations), suggesting that viewing one’s recent consequences as aversive prompts self-initiated behavior change. Findings of the present study have potential to inform interventions for college drinking, particularly those that target how individuals think about their behavior and its consequences.

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Section: Subjective Evaluations As Predictors Of Change: Theoretical ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The way one thinks affects the way one drinks: Subjective evaluations of alcohol consequences predict subsequent change in drinking behavior.

Merrill

Read

Barnett

2013

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Barnett et al (2003) reported that young adult Emergency-Room (ER) patients were more likely to be contemplating reducing heavy drinking if they were being treated for an alcohol-related incident, compared with patients with similar patterns of alcohol severity who were not being treated for alcohol-related reasons. In the only identified similar study with college students, Reis et al (2004) assessed first-year students who had been transported to a hospital for alcohol overdose and reported that 83% of these students stated that they planned to decrease the amount they drank.…”

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confidence: 99%

“I'll Never Drink Like That Again”: Characteristics of Alcohol-Related Incidents and Predictors of Motivation to Change in College Students

et al. 2006

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Objective-Alcohol use and its associated behaviors are among the most common reasons for medical treatment and disciplinary infractions among college students. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of students who had recent serious alcohol-related incidents and to identify predictors of motivation to change alcohol use and heavy drinking in particular, with specific attention to gender. Method-Students (N = 227; 52% female) who had been mandated to attend a session of alcohol education following alcohol-related medical treatment and/or a disciplinary infraction were assessed on their alcohol use, alcohol problems, characteristics of their alcohol-related incident, reactions to the incident, attributions about the incident, and motivation to change drinking and heavy drinking. Path and regression analyses were used to identify the individual and incidentrelated characteristics that were related to motivation to change. Results-Perceived aversiveness of the incident was directly and positively related to motivation to change drinking and heavy drinking. Alcohol consumption in the month before the incident and past-year alcohol problems were negatively related to motivation to change heavy drinking, and women were more motivated to change heavy drinking than men. The more students consumed in the incident, the more likely they were to feel responsible for it, and the more responsible they felt about the incident, the greater its aversiveness. Conclusions-Individual and incident-related characteristics are both directly and indirectly associated with motivation to change following an alcohol-related incident, and therefore have implications for interventions with college drinkers who have experienced an alcohol-related incident.

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“…Overall, alcohol-related ambulance calls were strongly associated with patients being underage (i.e., < 21 years) students, consistent with previous findings that freshmen (who are generally underage) constitute a disproportionate number of alcohol-related ED visits 6,8. Evidence suggests that at least half of first-year students who required emergency medical transport admitted to drinking more than they usually drink,19 and that associations between blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and negative consequences is stronger for lighter drinkers 20. Taken together, it appears that inexperienced drinkers who exceed their usual consumption levels are at greatest risk for ambulance transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

College Student Drinking and Ambulance Utilization

Carey

McClurg

Bolles

et al. 2009

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Objective-Alcohol misuse by college students places resource demands on colleges and universities, including the provision of medical services for intoxicated students. We harvested archival data to document the prevalence of alcohol-related ambulance utilization and to explore factors associated with ambulance use.Method-We reviewed two years of university ambulance records, and determined which trips were alcohol-related and their demographic, descriptive, and medical correlates.Results-Alcohol use was associated with 17% and 16% of all university-based ambulance trips in 2005 and 2006, respectively. When alcohol was involved, patients were more likely to be under 21 years of age, less alert, and more likely to receive advanced life support. Alcohol-related ambulance trips were more likely to occur on weekends, to involve transport from a residence hall, and to a hospital.Conclusion-Alcohol misuse is associated with 1 out of every 6 campus-based ambulance runs, a hidden cost of student alcohol misuse.Keywords alcohol abuse; emergency medical services; student health services High volume alcohol use peaks among young adults between the ages of 18-25; 1 nearly 42% have reported heavy (binge) drinking, defined as 5 or more drinks on an occasion in the last month. Alcohol use increases risk for unintentional injuries (including motor vehicle accidents), homicide and suicide, the three leading causes of death in the young adults. 2 A particularly high risk subgroup are young adults enrolled full-time in college; college students drink more heavily than their same-age peers not attending college. 1 Alcohol misuse by college students affects the drinkers themselves, their peers, and the environment. 3 Approximately 44% of students report heavy drinking within the last 2 weeks, with attendant hangovers, blackouts, and academic difficulties. 4 Even more concerning are the 500,000 unintentional injuries and the 1,700 deaths among student drinkers each year. 5 Peers sharing the college environment with heavy drinkers report having studies or sleep interrupted, 4 and an estimated 600,000 have been assaulted or injured by a drunken student. 5 Excessive drinking is also associated with property damage as well as the need for additional security, judicial, and student affairs personnel. Alcohol misuse by students also places a burden on health services. For example, 16% to 33% of student visits to university-based emergency departments (EDs) are alcohol-related; 6-8 in contrast, only 3% of ED visits by adolescents and young adults in the general population are alcohol-related. 9 A little-recognized cost of student drinking involves the use of campus ambulance services. Even though 14% of ED visits involves ambulance transport, 10 few data document the extent to which university-based ambulance services are needed as a result of student drinking.This study was conducted to fill this gap in the literature by examining the prevalence and correlates of alcohol-related ambulance runs on a university campus. Data from two ...

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Young Adult's Immediate Reaction to a Personal Alcohol Overdose

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

The way one thinks affects the way one drinks: Subjective evaluations of alcohol consequences predict subsequent change in drinking behavior.

The way one thinks affects the way one drinks: Subjective evaluations of alcohol consequences predict subsequent change in drinking behavior.

“I'll Never Drink Like That Again”: Characteristics of Alcohol-Related Incidents and Predictors of Motivation to Change in College Students

College Student Drinking and Ambulance Utilization

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