“…However, in the late twentieth century, communication scholars (e.g., McCroskey, Burroughs, Daun, & Richmond, 1990;Sallinen-Kuparinen, McCroskey, & Richmond, 1991) began to examine young adults' communication traits (i.e., communication apprehension, self-perceived communication competence, and willingness to communicate) as functions of cultural background. In more recent investigations, researchers also have compared young adult's argumentative, verbally aggressive, and affectionate communication traits across a multitude of cultures (e.g., Avtgis, Rancer, Kanjeva, & Chory, 2008;Croucher, 2013;Mansson et al, 2014Mansson et al, , 2016b. To extend this line of inquiry, and to address the call for continued cross-cultural comparisons (Croucher, 2013;Hofstede & McCrae, 2004) in conjunction with the notion that the role of affectionate communication may vary across cultures (Floyd, 2006), the purpose of this study is to compare American, Danish, Icelandic, and Polish young adult grandchildren's reports of received affection from their grandparents.…”