Young African American Grandmothers: A Missed Developmental Stage

See, Letha A.; Bowles, Dorcas D.; Darlington, Mamie

doi:10.1080/10911359.1998.10530797

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

1998

DOI: 10.1080/10911359.1998.10530797

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Young African American Grandmothers: A Missed Developmental Stage

Letha A. See

Dorcas D. Bowles

Mamie Darlington³

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Cited by 6 publications

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“…Thus, grandparents are at increased risk for more highly elevated stress levels, poorer health, and more depressive symptoms than grandparents who do not have caregiving responsibilities (Hadfield, 2014; Musil et al, 2011). Grandparents within multigenerational households may be at particularly high risk due to additional challenges, such as difficulties with negotiating the grandparent role with their child and with pursuing and fulfilling their own personal development goals (Hadfield, 2014; Lee See, Bowles, & Darlington, 1998; Pittman, 2007; Sadler & Clemmens, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interventions to Improve Grandparent Caregivers’ Mental and Physical Health: An Integrative Review

et al. 2017

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The aim of this integrative review is to appraise grandparent caregiver interventions that are designed to improve their physical and mental health. A database search was performed to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2014. Thirteen publications, including 11 studies, met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies included grandparent mental health outcomes with fewer focusing on physical health and social relations. Improvements were found in all three areas with fewer improvements seen in physical health. However, small effect sizes were seen with most measures of these outcomes. Although the interventions led to positive grandparent caregiver outcomes, the studies were limited by their design, only one of which was a randomized controlled trial. Also, interventions did not consider variations in the grandchild's or parent's ages or if the grandparent provided primary or shared care. These gaps should be addressed in future research.

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confidence: 99%

Interventions to Improve Grandparent Caregivers’ Mental and Physical Health: An Integrative Review

et al. 2017

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Stress, marital satisfaction, and child care provision by mothers of adolescent mothers: Considerations to make when providing services

Culp

Noland

et al. 2006

Children and Youth Services Review

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Mother and Grandmother Parenting in Low‐Income Three‐Generation Rural Households

Barnett

2008

J of Marriage and Family

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This study draws data from the Family Life Project to examine parenting behaviors observed for 105 mothers and grandmothers raising an infant in rural low-income multigenerational households. Multilevel models are used to examine the relationships between maternal age and psychological distress and parenting of the infant by both generations. The findings indicate that young maternal age is a risk factor for less sensitive parenting in the presence of other risks, including psychological distress. Further, young maternal age is associated with negative parenting behaviors by grandmothers only. Grandmothers and mothers displayed similar levels of negative intrusive parenting, but different factors were linked to the observed parenting of each generation. These findings contribute to understanding the benefits and risks of three-generation households.Keywords adolescent mothers; grandparents; multigenerational; parenting; poor families; rural Multigenerational households in which mothers and grandmothers raise children together are an increasingly common family structure. In 2006, almost 3.7 million children lived in households with grandparents and parents, with children under 6 years of age the most likely to live in three-generation households (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). The rising prevalence of this family structure is linked to increases in female-headed households caused by out-ofwedlock births and divorce (George & Dickerson, 2000). Housing, employment, and educational limitations in nonurban environments may also directly or indirectly influence formation of multigenerational households. Despite this growing trend, there has been little systematic investigation of family relations in three-generation households (Foster & Kalil, 2007).Extant research on multigenerational families has focused on adolescent mothers, who may comprise a particularly vulnerable group of parents. Much research in this area has also focused on African American families in low-income urban communities. The research base includes limited insight into family processes that influence parenting within these family structures (Black et al., 2002;Black & Nitz, 1996;Chase-Lansdale, Gordon, Coley, Wakschlag, & Brooks-Gunn, 1999;East & Felice, 1996;Jones, Zalot, Foster, Sterret, & Chester, 2007). Moreover, the grandmother perspective is often missing from research on multigenerational families, as little research has focused on grandmother-grandchild relationships (Caldwell, Antonucci, & Jackson, 1998;Goodman & Silverstein, 2002;Sadler & Clemmens, 2004). Parenting of mothers and grandmothers may be influenced by different factors and differentially related to child outcomes (Chase-Lansdale et al., 1999;Kalil, Spencer, Spieker, & Gilchrist, 1998;Schweingruber & Kalil, 2000). The present study addresses these research gaps by studying the relations between maternal age, psychological distress, and parenting by mothers and grandmothers in low-income three-generation households.Consistent evidence indicates that economic disadvantage is...

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Young African American Grandmothers: A Missed Developmental Stage

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Interventions to Improve Grandparent Caregivers’ Mental and Physical Health: An Integrative Review

Interventions to Improve Grandparent Caregivers’ Mental and Physical Health: An Integrative Review

Stress, marital satisfaction, and child care provision by mothers of adolescent mothers: Considerations to make when providing services

Mother and Grandmother Parenting in Low‐Income Three‐Generation Rural Households

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