“…We selected the control variables, drawing on the existing literature on mobile payment adoption (e.g., Moorthy et al, 2020; Wei et al, 2021; Zhao & Zhao, 2022; Zhao, Wu, & Guo, 2022; Zheng & Ma, 2021), household expenditures (Chang et al, 2022; Eika et al, 2020; Zhu et al, 2021), and subjective wellbeing (Dufhues et al, 2023; Ma, Vatsa, & Zheng, 2022; Ugur, 2021). Specifically, the variables representing age, gender, education levels, marital status, trust perception, household size, investment activity, car ownership, social interaction, internet penetration rate, urban (versus rural), and geographical location were included as control variables in the empirical analysis.…”