The NDIS will directly affect the lives of close to half a million people with a disability as well as their formal and informal support providers. In doing so, the $22 billion per annum scheme will have significantly wider impacts on Australian cities. This review paper examines the urban policy and practice context for the NDIS and provides a research agenda for examining the challenges and opportunities the scheme brings. We examine a set of urban policy domains, including housing, employment, governance, mainstream services (particularly health and education) and multiculturalism. We argue that the current Australian urban condition is hardly ideal for the implementation of such an ambitious scheme. Yet, the NDIS will enhance the support available for greater participation of people with disabilities in their communities, and with appropriate adjustments to mainstream urban policy the scheme can make important positive contributions to the social, cultural and economic thriving of Australian cities.