“…The concept of the totalistic milieu is well-established in the literature (Gowan & Whetstone, 2012;Hood, 2011;Kaye, 2013;Singer & Ofshe, 1990;Skoll, 1992;Volkman & Cressey, 1963;Weppner, 1983). Numerous authors describe TPC specific to teen treatment programmes (Aziz & Clark, 1996;Behar, Friedman, Pinto, Katz-Leavy, & Jones, 2007;Beyerstein, 1992;Bratter & Sinsheimer, 2008;Chama & Ramirez, 2014;De Leon & Melnick, 1993;Dye, Ducharme, Johnson, Knudsen, & Roman, 2009;Frankel, 1989;Friedman et al, 2006;GAO-08-146T, 2007;GAO-08-713T, 2008;Polvere, 2011;Pope, 2015;Rauktis, Fusco, Cahalane, Bennett, & Reinhart, 2011).…”