Young to Middle-Aged Adults and Low Education: Risk Factors of Spondylitis Tuberculosis with Neurological Deficit and Deformity at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital

Abstract

Background: Incidence of tuberculosis has risen again, including extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Spondilitis tuberculosis is one the most commonly encountered which can cause disability and even death. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of spondilitis tuberculosis patients and probable risk factors. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study from all medical records of spondylitis tuberculosis patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. Variables evaluated were demographic data, history related to tuberculosis, nutrinutional status, patient's characteristics, and treatments received. Results: Spondylitis tuberculosis represented 65.6% of bone and joints tuberculosis. From 78 cases, the male to female ratio was 1.2:1, and mostly found in young and middle-aged adults (79.6%) between 20−64 years old. Patients' level of education were mostly elementary school (30.8%) and unemployed. Clinical symptoms were mostly neurological disorders, deformity (kyphotic/gibbus), and tenderness. Predilections sites were thoracal and lumbal vertebrae. Forty eight percents of cases were also sufferring from TB in other organs. Treatments given for these cases were anti tuberculosis drugs (80.8%) and operative procedures (62.8%). Conclusions: Most common clinical manifestations are neurologial deficit, deformity, and tenderness; mostly have pulmonary tuberculosis as a comorbid disease; probable risk factors are young and middleaged adults, low education level, and unemployment.

Vertebral destruction in tuberculous spondylitis correlates with Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) levels: a cross-sectional study

“…Another study by Ismiarto et al . 22 reported that young adults are the most commonly affected by TB spondylitis in endemic areas. However, in developed countries, it is more common in older people.…”

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Managing spondylitis tuberculosis in a patient with underlying diabetes and hypothyroidism: A case report

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The Effectiveness of Cough Etiquette Counseling among People with Presumptive and Confirmed Tuberculosis

“…This means that the majority of less prosperous people can only obtain education to that level, which is still considered as a low educational level. This can lead to lower awareness around maintaining sanitation and environmental hygiene, which is reflected in the finding that the majority of TB patients are still disposing of their sputum carelessly (Ismiarto, Tiksnadi, & Soenggono, 2018).…”