Young women’s experiences of forced sex within marriage: evidence from India

Kg, Santhya; Sj, Jejeebhoy

doi:10.5040/9781350222519.ch-003

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Gender-based violence against women is a significant public health concern and a embarrassing violation of human rights. Sexual violence occurs virtually across all regions and cultures [1] of the world with its varying definitions and degrees [2]. Globally, it is estimated that about one in three (33%) women have ever experienced either physical or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their life [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors influencing a woman's risk of sexual violence are complex because it is deeply rooted in the inherent patriarchal system [17]. Previous pieces of evidence from different settings has attributed several risk factors to sexual violence among women including-teenage marriages, low knowledge of sexual matters, unaware of and unable to exercise sexual and reproductive rights, imbalanced gender norms, women's inability to negotiate sexual issues, and lack of alternative social support systems [1,[18][19][20][21]. It is found that women who marry at later ages are less likely to report coercive sexual experiences than women who marry in their teenage [18,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A true face of Indian married couples: Effect of age and education on control over own sexuality and sexual violence

et al. 2021

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Introduction Though there are several interventions evaluated over the past 25 years, significant knowledge gaps continue to exist regarding the effective prevention of sexual violence. This study explored the socio-economic and context-specific distinctive characteristics of husbands and wives on sexual autonomy and unwanted sexual experiences of currently married women in India. Methodology We have utilized the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16) data for this exploration. The NFHS-4 survey had adopted a stratified two-stage sample design to reach out to the survey households. A total of 63,696 couples are included in the analysis comprising of women of 15–49 years age and men of 15–54 years age. Multivariate techniques have been applied to understand the adjusted effects of socio-economic and demographic variables on control over their sexuality and sexual violence. Results Uneducated women married to uneducated men experienced more sexual violence and had less control over their sexuality than the other categories. The adjusted multivariate logistic model shows that educated husbands were significantly more likely to exercise control over their educated wives’ sexuality (AOR = 0.88; CI:0.78–0.99). Women having older husbands were significantly less likely to be having no-control over own sexuality (AOR = 0.89; CI:0.83–0.95) and experienced sexual violence (AOR = 0.81; CI:0.70–0.95). Women having comparatively more-educated husbands were significantly less likely to experience sexual violence (AOR = 0.62; CI:0.47–0.81). Muslim women were significantly more likely to have no control overown sexuality. SC/ST women were significantly more likely to experience sexual violence (28%). Conclusions This study highlights the factors associated with control over one’s sexuality and preponderance to sexual violence: age, education, spouse working status, wealth status, husband’s alcohol consumption, women autonomy, decision-making, and freedom for mobility. This study suggests that empowering women with education, creating awareness regarding reproductive health, and addressing their socio-economic needs to help them achieve autonomy and derive decision-making power.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A true face of Indian married couples: Effect of age and education on control over own sexuality and sexual violence

et al. 2021

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“…Jejeebhoy (1998) found that in Uttar Pradesh, if the education of wife matches or exceeds the husband’s, she is less likely to be beaten. Higher education reduces forced sex in marriage (Acharya et al , 2012). Koenig et al (2006), and Hollander (2006) found that married couples with seven or more years of education have a lower risk of recent physical violence.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence in India: a study of associated factors

Pathak

Kumar

2023

JAP

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Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global phenomenon. IPV is a public health, social policy and human rights concern across the globe. It remains a serious issue in Indian context as well. This paper aims to identify the factors associated with IPV using India’s nationally representative National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data. Design/methodology/approach To identify the factors associated with IPV in India, the authors have used binary logistic regression to estimate two models. The outcome variables are women facing physical violence in the first model and sexual violence in the second. The explanatory variables are broadly socio-economic indicators related to the women and a few other indicators related to the characteristics of the household. Findings The authors found that urban and working women face higher odds of violence. Alcohol consumption by the husband increases the risks of IPV, whereas risk decreases with women’s autonomy. Even though the prevalence of physical and sexual violence has decreased by 6.8% and 3.9% from 2005–2006 to 2019–2021, the data shows that women across social, economic and regions still face violence from their partners. However, the physical violence increased from 2015–2016 to 2019–2021. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is a distinct attempt to use pooled data of the nationally representative sets NFHS-3 (2005–2006), NFHS-4 (2015–2016) and NFHS-5 (2019–2021) to study the factors associated with IPV in India.

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“…The lack of alternative support systems also clearly increases the vulnerability of young married women in a coercive situation. The most pervasive underlying factor is female submissiveness and male entitlement to forced sex within marriage (Santhya & Jejeebhoy, 2005).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Factors Associated With Sexual Harassment Among Young Female Migrant Workers in Nepal

Puri¹,

Cleland

2007

J Interpers Violence

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This article explores the extent of, and factors associated with, sexual harassment of young female migrant workers in the carpet and garment factories in Kathmandu Valley. Information is drawn from a survey of 550 female workers aged 14 to 19 and 12 in-depth case histories. Bivariate and multivariate techniques were applied to identify the factors associated with harassment. The survey found that 1 in 10 young women had experienced sexual harassment or coercion. Those who were exposed to pornographic movies were more likely than those with no exposure to any kind of movies to report sexual harassment. Perpetrators included coworkers, boyfriends, employers, and relatives. Case histories revealed that the inability of young women to communicate effectively with their peers and sex partners, lack of self-esteem, job insecurity, and other socioeconomic problems made them vulnerable to these abuses. The results suggest the need for advocacy and a range of factory-based interventions.

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Young women’s experiences of forced sex within marriage: evidence from India

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

A true face of Indian married couples: Effect of age and education on control over own sexuality and sexual violence

A true face of Indian married couples: Effect of age and education on control over own sexuality and sexual violence

Intimate partner violence in India: a study of associated factors

Assessing the Factors Associated With Sexual Harassment Among Young Female Migrant Workers in Nepal

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