Youth Baseball Caregiver Understanding of Safe Pitching Guidelines and Player Injury

Reintgen, Christian; Zeppieri, Giorgio; Bruner, Michelle; Horodyski, MaryBeth; Waligora, Andrew; Smith, Michael S.; Farmer, Kevin W.

doi:10.26603/001c.22532

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Parents of players with consistent or recurring arm injuries reported that players threw more pitches and pitched on more consecutive days than those of uninjured players (35). Recent studies have also identified showcase participation-not included in Pitch Smart guidelines-as a significant predictor of injury (15,31,35). A 2021 cross-sectional review presented a shocking rate of noncompliance in those aged 8-to 14-year old across 1 tournament season (15).…”

Section: Increased Risk Of Injury Related To Noncompliance With Pitch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Baseball Injury and Performance Initiative to Combat Health Risks Associated With Early Sport Specialization

Balan,

Crotin,

Naito

et al. 2023

Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal

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Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries have been increasing steadily for the past decade, especially among youth and adolescent amateurs. USA Baseball's Pitch Smart guidelines have been introduced to combat UCL and other throwing arm injuries because overuse is the paramount cause. Fatigue is also a major contributor to injuries. Other factors include inadequate strength, recovery methods, and parental and caregiver education. Significant misconceptions exist among parents and caregivers about UCL injury, surgical repair, strength and conditioning, and injury prevention that can directly influence their children's health and safety in sport. Therefore, parents' and caregivers' education is imperative to reduce injuries in youth baseball. This article presents an educational opportunity by providing an evidence-based training program designed to prevent injuries and maximize performance called the Baseball Injury and Performance Initiative 10 (BIPI 10). The BIPI 10 program conditions baseball players through whole-bodied movement, varying contraction tempos, and plyometrics that are sport specific. BIPI 10 is believed to offer high compliance because training can be completed daily in less than 10 minutes and initiated anywhere across competitive levels on a worldwide scale in a similar fashion to the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) program FIFA 11+ for soccer.

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Section: Increased Risk Of Injury Related To Noncompliance With Pitch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Baseball Injury and Performance Initiative to Combat Health Risks Associated With Early Sport Specialization

Balan,

Crotin,

Naito

et al. 2023

Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of studies have looked at factors related to injury in the youth baseball population over the past year ranging in topics from; early sport specialization (ESS) (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), pitch counts (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), prethrowing protocols (24,25), imaging findings (26), to body region-specific inquiries (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43) in search for opportunities to reduce the risk of injury in this population. We will review a wide range of articles and their relevance to injury risk in this population.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matsuura et al 2021 identified higher risk of elbow pain correlated with a group of 8-to 12-year-old baseball players using inning limits of ≤7 innings compared with a group limited to ≤70 pitches in a single day suggesting pitch counts instead of inning limits may be more valuable when guiding decision making relative to throwing volume (20). Although implementation of throwing volume guidelines are underway, surveys evaluating adherence to these guidelines show poor awareness and noncompliance to these programs in the parent and coaching circles (21,23).…”

Section: Pitch Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Musculoskeletal Examination of Youth and Adolescent Baseball Players

Kindstrand¹,

McNeill²,

Dickenson³

et al. 2022

Curr Sports Med Rep

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With a wide range of injuries in youth baseball, and more than 12 million amateur baseball players in the United States, a comprehensive list of tests and measures may be helpful to assess strength, mobility, and motor control throughout the kinetic chain to reduce risk of injury in this population. Many studies have looked at youth baseball players using a single test or a small number of tests to determine the prevalence of specific injuries in youth baseball, but to this author's knowledge, there is no comprehensive musculoskeletal screen published at this time specific to youth baseball. The purpose of this article is to review literature published over the last year relative to injury in youth and adolescent baseball players in an effort to update the reader on current concepts, risk factors in this population, and to provide an updated systematic screening process that may be used in reducing injury rates.

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“…Caregivers also reported that 83% did not know that the guidelines existed. 7 Compliance of coaches with guidelines regarding pitch count limits have been reported to be 56-73% in the United States, 8,9 and 28.3% in Japan, 10 indicating that coach compliance with guidelines is low in Japan. However, the response rate for these questionnaires ranged from 41.4% to 56%, [8][9][10] which is comparable or slightly lower than the typical general response rate of 52.7% for surveys targeting individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey with Innovations to Increase Response Rate Reveals Low Compliance with Guidelines among Youth Baseball Coaches - Including a Survey of Differences between Cities -

Kaizu

Oyama

Ishihara

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Background Compliance rates of youth baseball team coaches with guidelines regarding pitch count limits have been reported, but response rates from previous surveys have not been high, which may introduce substantial non-response bias. In addition, differences between cities in guideline compliance rates have remained unclear. Purpose The aim of the present study was to obtain data on coach compliance with guidelines for pitch count limits with a high survey response rate. Secondary aims were to determine compliance with guidelines other than pitch count limits, and to determine whether differences in compliance exists between cities. Methods A questionnaire was developed for coaches of youth baseball teams in Gunma to assess knowledge of and compliance with the Japan Softball Baseball Association’s recommendations for preventing injuries. In the preparation, distribution, and collection of the questionnaire, four strategies were applied to increase the response rate. The questionnaire surveyed basic descriptive information about the team and coach and coaches compliance with guidelines. Survey items were compared between compliant and non-compliant groups for pitch count limits, and by city. Results Valid responses to the questionnaire were obtained from coaches of 58 of 62 teams surveyed for a response rate of 93.5%. Despite the fact that almost all coaches were aware of the recommendations regarding pitch count limits and felt these limits were needed, only 15.5% were compliant. For guidelines other than the pitch count limits, the recommended values were exceeded for practice time on holidays. Differences between cities were evident in the compliance rate with the pitch count limit, but no differences between cities in other items were observed. Conclusion The results of this research revealed that compliance with pitch count limits in this sample of youth baseball coaches was much lower than previously reported. Differences between cities were identified in rates of compliance with pitch count limits. These results suggest a need to increase compliance rates with guidelines for pitch count limits and to address differences between cities. Level of Evidence Cross-sectional survey study, 3b

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Youth Baseball Caregiver Understanding of Safe Pitching Guidelines and Player Injury

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

A Baseball Injury and Performance Initiative to Combat Health Risks Associated With Early Sport Specialization

A Baseball Injury and Performance Initiative to Combat Health Risks Associated With Early Sport Specialization

Proposed Musculoskeletal Examination of Youth and Adolescent Baseball Players

Survey with Innovations to Increase Response Rate Reveals Low Compliance with Guidelines among Youth Baseball Coaches - Including a Survey of Differences between Cities -

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