Youth entrepreneurial intentions: an integrated model of individual and contextual factors

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify factors instrumental in developing entrepreneurial intentions among youth. Although, numerous studies have been conducted focusing on entrepreneurship intention, however, this study attempts to provide an integrated model by means of analyzing the impact of internal (personal) and external (environmental) factors in developing entrepreneurial intentions. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study is based on primary and secondary data. A sample of 358 respondents belonging to the age group of 21–25 years from various universities and colleges in Kashmir participated in the study. Primary data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires. A purposive sampling approach was used to identify respondents for the current study. Structural equation modeling has been used for testing hypotheses besides other statistical methods and techniques. Findings The study identifies three important antecedents of entrepreneurship intentions, namely, personal competencies, contextual factors and entrepreneurial exposure and tests the relationships using path analysis. It further suggests that there exists a significant relationship between personal competencies, entrepreneurial exposure, contextual elements and entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value The paper presents an integrated and comprehensive model of entrepreneurial intentions discussing important antecedents instrumental in developing entrepreneurship intentions among youth considering both personal and environmental factors. It is, therefore, an important contribution toward entrepreneurship literature and of interest to different policymakers and institutions related to entrepreneurship.

The Intention of Applying Digital Entrepreneurship (De) Among Undergraduate Tourism Students in Egypt

“…Digital technologies have an effective role in students' entrepreneurship intentions (Alkhalaileh, 2021b), information and communication technologies give a chance for students to develop their skills to be entrepreneurs (Sousa et al,2019). In general, there are internal and external factors that affect entrepreneurial intention (Ahmed et al,2020;Gulzar and Fayaz, 2021). These factors include attitude towards entrepreneurship and the propensity to take risks (Ohanu and Ogbuanya, 2018).…”

How socio-cultural transition helps to improve entrepreneurial intentions among women?

“…As discussed above, although plenty of research available in entrepreneurship literature that examines the influence of numerous social-cultural (for instance, Ali et al, 2011;Ali et al, 2019;and Anggadwita et al, 2021) psychological (Chatterjee and Das, 2015), and personal (for instance, Ahmed et al, 2019), individual (for instance, Ali et al, 2019;Ali et al, 2021;and Anggadwita et al, 2021), and contextual factors (for instance, Gulzar, and Fayaz, 2021) in developing entrepreneurial intentions among individuals.…”

“…, 2021; Anggadwita et al. , 2021), and contextual factors (for instance, Gulzar and Fayaz, 2021) in developing entrepreneurial intentions among individuals. However, there is sparse research available in the literature that examines the influence of psychological (attitude towards entrepreneurship, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, entrepreneurial self-efficacy), individual factors (education, age, family income, family business experience, and background) in developing entrepreneurial perceived resourcefulness, and entrepreneurial intentions among young women in the context of Saudi Arabia.…”

Relationship between prior entrepreneurship exposure and entrepreneurial intention among secondary school learners in Gauteng, South Africa

“…The view that entrepreneurship is a continuous learning process emphasises the importance of potential and existing entrepreneurs' prior entrepreneurship exposure in the development of abilities to create and manage new ventures (Politis, 2008). Research evidence indicates that prior entrepreneurship exposure plays a vital role in the formation of entrepreneurial intention and also enhances entrepreneurial behaviour (Arenius & Minniti, 2005 Gulzar & Fayaz, 2021). Individuals can be exposed to entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship education, role models, prior start-up experience, by working in a small enterprise or through their own current engagement in entrepreneurial activities (Krueger, 1993;Malebana, 2012;Zapkau et al, 2015;Tarek, 2016;Malebana & Zindiye, 2017;Galvão et al, 2018;Botha, 2020; Muchabaiwa & Msimango-Galawe, 2021; Gulzar & Fayaz, 2021).…”

“…Research evidence indicates that prior entrepreneurship exposure plays a vital role in the formation of entrepreneurial intention and also enhances entrepreneurial behaviour (Arenius & Minniti, 2005 Gulzar & Fayaz, 2021). Individuals can be exposed to entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship education, role models, prior start-up experience, by working in a small enterprise or through their own current engagement in entrepreneurial activities (Krueger, 1993;Malebana, 2012;Zapkau et al, 2015;Tarek, 2016;Malebana & Zindiye, 2017;Galvão et al, 2018;Botha, 2020; Muchabaiwa & Msimango-Galawe, 2021; Gulzar & Fayaz, 2021). Depending on the breadth and positiveness of their exposure to entrepreneurship, individuals can adopt favourable attitudes towards entrepreneurship and their perceived capability to engage in entrepreneurship could be enhanced (Krueger, 1993).…”