Youth ice hockey tournament injuries: rates and patterns compared to season play

Roberts, William O.; Brust, Janny Dwyer; Leonard, Barbara J.

doi:10.1097/00005768-199901000-00009

Cited by 84 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The most common denominators for incidence calculation are player hours, athlete exposures, and games played. [1][2][3][8][9][10]16,17,24,25,29 Flick 10 reported an incidence rate of 3.1 per 1000 athlete exposures for Division 1 university ice-hockey players in 1 season. Wennberg and Tator 29 reported an incidence of concussion in the National Hockey League that ranged from 1.81 per 1000 athlete exposures in 1998-1999 to a low of 1.04 per 1000 athlete exposures in 2005-2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates

Echlin¹,

Tator

Cusimano

et al. 2010

FOC

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Object The objective of this study was to measure the incidence of concussion (scaled relative to number of athlete exposures) and recurrent concussion within 2 teams of fourth-tier junior ice hockey players (16–21 years old) during 1 regular season. Methods A prospective cohort study called the Hockey Concussion Education Project was conducted during 1 junior ice hockey regular season (2009–2010) involving 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey players (mean age 18.2 ± 1.2 years, range 16–21 years) from 2 teams. Prior to the start of the season, every player underwent baseline assessments using the Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) and the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT). The study protocol also required players who entered the study during the season to complete baseline SCAT2 and ImPACT testing. If the protocol was not followed, the postinjury test results of a player without true baseline test results would be compared against previously established age and gender group normative levels. Each regular season game was observed by a qualified physician and at least 1 other neutral nonphysician observer. Players who suffered a suspected concussion were evaluated at the game. If a concussion diagnosis was made, the player was subsequently examined in the physician's office for a full clinical evaluation and the SCAT2 and ImPACT were repeated. Based on these evaluations, players were counseled on the decision of when to return to play. Athlete exposure was defined as 1 game played by 1 athlete. Results Twenty-one concussions occurred during the 52 physician-observed games (incidence 21.5 concussions per 1000 athlete exposures). Five players experienced repeat concussions. No concussions were reported during practice sessions. A concussion was diagnosed by the physician in 19 (36.5%) of the 52 observed games. One of the 5 individuals who suffered a repeat concussion sustained his initial concussion in a regular season game that was not observed by a physician, and as a result this single case was not included in the total of 21 total concussions. This initial concussion of the player was identified during baseline testing 2 days after the injury and was subsequently medically diagnosed and treated. Conclusions The incidence of game-related concussions (per 100 athlete exposures) in these fourth-tier junior ice hockey players was 7 times higher than the highest rate previously reported in the literature. This difference may be the result of the use of standardized direct physician observation, diagnosis, and subsequent treatment. The results of this study demonstrate the need for follow-up studies involving larger and more diverse sample groups to reflect generalizability of the findings. These follow-up studies should involve other contact sports (for example football and rugby) and also include the full spectrum of gender, age, and skill levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates

Echlin¹,

Tator

Cusimano

et al. 2010

FOC

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“…Because injury rates depend upon accurate collection of amount of time at risk of injury (athlete-exposure hours), the reliability of parents' recording of soccer playing time during the season is important. In a prior study 9 of soccer injuries, weekly AEH sheets were collected for more than 95% of the team weeks, although the accuracy of the exposure-time reporting was not described. Our data collectors were reliable in reporting soccer playing time; however, this method of data collection was labor intensive and resulted in missing data for 1 team for the entire season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7] One important methodologic consideration in studying the epidemiology of sport-related injuries is the type of injury-surveillance system used. Most authors of studies on youth sports injuries have called on physicians, certified athletic trainers (ATs), or other medical personnel such as physical therapists to report on the number of injuries, 4,5,[7][8][9][10][11] with most focusing on high school players. The use of medical personnel to report on injuries is relatively expensive, is typically available for high schoolaged athletes who participate at school rather than in community-based sports clubs, and might not be necessary if players, parents, or team designees can be relied upon as an alternative injury-surveillance system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soccer Injuries in Female Youth Players: Comparison of Injury Surveillance by Certified Athletic Trainers and Internet

Schiff

Mack

Polissar³

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Few authors have evaluated sports injury-surveillance systems that use parental, Internet-based surveys for data collection. Objective: To determine whether certified athletic trainers (ATs) and parental, Internet-based surveys provided comparable data for identifying soccer injuries. Design: Prospective feasibility cohort study. Setting: A soccer association in Seattle, Washington. Patients or Other Participants: Eighty female youth soccer players, ages 12 to 14 years. Main Outcome Measure(s): We compared the data provided by ATs attending 1 soccer practice per week with a weekly soccer-parent, Internet-based system. We measured athlete-exposure hours (AEHs) for each player. We compared injury rates reported by ATs only, Internet-based surveys only, and both systems combined. We evaluated the 2 surveillance systems for agreement on injured body region and laterality of injury using the κ statistic. Results: For ATs only, Internet-based surveys only, and both systems combined, we found acute injury rates of 3.0 per 1000 AEHs, 3.9 per 1000 AEHs, and 4.7 per 1000 AEHs and overuse injury rates of 1.0 per 1000 AEHs, 2.9 per 1000 AEHs, and 2.9 per 1000 AEHs, respectively. Players sustained 27 acute injuries (44% ankle, 11% knee, 11% hip) reported by at least 1 of the 2 systems, with 63% reported by ATs and 85% by Internet-based survey. Players sustained 17 overuse injuries (35% knee, 29% lower leg) reported by either system, with 35% reported by ATs and 100% by Internet-based survey. Among players for whom we had both ATs' and Internet-based survey injury data, body region injured and laterality had very good agreement (κ = 0.73 to 1.0). Conclusions: The injury rate based on the weekly parental, Internet-based survey was similar to the rate based on the ATs' reporting and had comparable classifications of injured body region and laterality of injury.

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“…2 Brain injuries frequently result from aggressive bodychecking 3 and account for 15% of injuries among players 9-16 years of age. 4,5 In a study of a community-based hockey program involving boys aged 9-15 years, hostile aggressive acts, which have an intention to do harm, 6 were the primary cause of injury in one-third of games in which an injury resulted.7 Among high school students in Minnesota who played varsity ice hockey, those who played to relieve aggression were 4 times more likely than other players to experience a concussion.8 These findings highlight the association between aggressive behaviour and injury in ice hockey. However, little is known about what can be done to reduce this behaviour to create a safer environment for the sport.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review

Cusimano

Nastis

Zuccaro

2012

CMAJ

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O ver the last 15 years, the incidence of brain and spinal cord injuries among ice hockey players has increased. 1 A recent study involving players in junior leagues found that, in the 2009/10 hockey season, the incidence of game-related concussions was 7 times higher than the highest rate previously reported in 1998/99. 2 Brain injuries frequently result from aggressive bodychecking 3 and account for 15% of injuries among players 9-16 years of age. 4,5 In a study of a community-based hockey program involving boys aged 9-15 years, hostile aggressive acts, which have an intention to do harm, 6 were the primary cause of injury in one-third of games in which an injury resulted.7 Among high school students in Minnesota who played varsity ice hockey, those who played to relieve aggression were 4 times more likely than other players to experience a concussion.8 These findings highlight the association between aggressive behaviour and injury in ice hockey. However, little is known about what can be done to reduce this behaviour to create a safer environment for the sport.Existing reviews about reducing injury in sport have primarily assessed equipment or risk factors associated with injury.9−11 Recent systematic reviews highlighted the risks of bodychecking and renewed calls for policies to disallow bodychecking among youth playing ice hockey. 3,12 We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce aggressive acts and related injuries among ice hockey players. We were particularly interested in evaluating the effectiveness of rule changes, educational interventions and behavioural modification in reducing aggressive acts and related injuries. Methods Data sourcesWe searched 8 electronic databases for potentially relevant articles published from the time

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Youth ice hockey tournament injuries: rates and patterns compared to season play

Cited by 84 publications

References 16 publications

A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates

A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates

Soccer Injuries in Female Youth Players: Comparison of Injury Surveillance by Certified Athletic Trainers and Internet

Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review

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