Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts

Demorest, Rebecca A.; Koutures, Chris

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3022

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Despite the mandatory use of protective hand gear in both training and competition this study underlines that relying on gear alone cannot prevent severe injuries caused by excessive forces deriving from attacking punches and blocking of foot kicks [25,[27][28][29]. To prevent ongoing rise in injuries in Olympic taekwondo athletes coaches should put emphasis on technical skills even under physiological and psychological stress during training as recommended before [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Injury Incidence Rates and Profiles in Elite Taekwondo during Competition and Training

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to investigate exposure adjusted injury incidence rates and profiles associated with training and competition in an elite taekwondo athlete population. 82 athletes were investigated for injuries over a period of 5 years. Individual fight time exposure for training and competition was recorded. The type and location of the injuries were classified and exposure-adjusted injury incidence rates (IIR) were calculated per 1000 h for training and competition. 66 athletes with a mean age of 19.3±4.2 years and 172 injuries were included in the final data assessment. The exposure adjusted IIR was significantly higher during competition (p<0.001) with a rate ratio of 6.33 (95% CI 4.58–8.69). Ankle and foot region as well as hand and wrist were most affected with significant higher IIR in competition (p<0.001). Joint injuries, fractures, and bruising occurred the most. Fractures occurred mainly to the hand and wrist region. Future investigations should focus on exposure adjusted injury data including analyses of the detailed mechanism leading to especially severe injuries to improve specific injury prevention in competition and promote evolution of protective gear.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Injury Incidence Rates and Profiles in Elite Taekwondo during Competition and Training

et al. 2019

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“…In contrast to these findings, Curran-Sills and Abedin [ 30 ] reported that MMA does not confer the same exposure to concussion over a 10-year period as seen in other popular sports (e.g., ice hockey, American football, rugby union), but it is important to avoid this simplified derivation because of methodological differences across the studies [ 30 ]. A recent study found that head injuries dominate in MMA [ 23 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Professional mixed martial artists (MMA fighters) as such boxers are at risk of sustaining acute head and neck injury each time they engage in practice or competition [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Limb Strikes Reactive Forces in Mix Martial Art Athletes during Ground and Pound Tactics

Beránek

Šťastný

Nováček

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Athletes of mixed martial arts use a ground and pound strategy with the strikes in the dominant ground position. The aim of this study was to compare the average peak force (Fpeak) among three punches and to estimate the probability of achieving a skull bone fracture force of 5.1 kN for each type of strike in male and female athletes. A total of 60 males and 31 females (26 ± 8 years, 75 ± 20 kg, 177 ± 11 cm) practicing professional self-defense at the advanced and professional levels performed 15 strikes on a force plate. The analyses of 1360 trials showed significant differences among the strikes Fpeak in females (p < 0.01) and males (p < 0.01). Straight punches had lower Fpeak than palm strikes and elbow strikes in both genders, and palm strikes had higher Fpeak than elbow strikes in females. No difference was observed between palm strikes and elbow strikes in males (p = 0.09). The ground and pound strikes resulted in higher impacts than previously reported strikes in the standing position. Male athletes can deliver a Fpeak above 5.1 kN with a probability of 36% with elbow and palm strikes. Such forces can cause head injury; therefore, the use of these strikes in competition should be carefully considered.

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“…The AAP's assertion that consent is sufficient to justify participation in youth tackle football appears to be inconsistent with AAP policy statements on at least 5 other sports and activities. [37][38][39][40] We will focus on hockey.…”

Section: The Aap's Football Policy Is Inconsistent With Aap Policy Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informed Consent for Youth Tackle Football: Implications of the AAP Policy Statement

Lerner

Fost²

2019

Pediatrics

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There are 2 to 4 million tackle football players in the United States under the age of 19. 1-3 Concerns are growing over the safety of the sport, particularly with regard to short-and long-term effects of brain injury associated with concussions, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Once thought to be a transient and relatively innocuous injury, we now know the symptoms and underlying neuropathophysiology of concussions often last for weeks to months and sometimes longer. 4-7 There is increasing evidence that subconcussive trauma can be associated with debilitating neuropathology, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). 8 Football, with its high incidence of concussion 1,9,10 and participation rates, causes the majority of sportsrelated brain injuries among our nation's youth. 11,12 Per season, individual players experience 100 to 1000 head impacts, 3,13 and an estimated 53 000 to 178 000 school-aged players sustain at least 1 concussion. 1,7,12 In response to these concerns, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness published a policy statement in 2015, "Tackling in Youth Football." 3 In this article, we expand on published criticisms 14-19 of the AAP policy, particularly its reliance on informed consent as a justification for youth participation in tackle football, summarized in the statement, "Participants in football must decide whether the potential health risks of injury are outweighed by the recreational benefits associated with proper tackling." 3

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Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts

Cited by 33 publications

References 45 publications

Injury Incidence Rates and Profiles in Elite Taekwondo during Competition and Training

Injury Incidence Rates and Profiles in Elite Taekwondo during Competition and Training

Upper Limb Strikes Reactive Forces in Mix Martial Art Athletes during Ground and Pound Tactics

Informed Consent for Youth Tackle Football: Implications of the AAP Policy Statement

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