Youth Tobacco Use Before and After Local Sales Restrictions on Flavored and Menthol Tobacco Products in Minnesota

Olson, Lindsay; Coats, Ellen M; Rogers, Todd; Brown, Elizabeth; Nonnemaker, James; Ross, Ashley; Delahanty, Janine; Xu, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.129

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They also conducted focus groups where some respondents discussed leaving the county or state to purchase products [ 40 ]. Olsen et al [ 41 ] found similar effects in Minnesota, where any tobacco product use among youths remained flat following the 2016 ban on any flavoured products in Minneapolis and St. Paul but rose in the rest of the state. ENDS use in the restricted cities rose over the period but significantly less than in the rest of the state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The actual and anticipated effects of restrictions on flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems: a scoping review

et al. 2022

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Objective To synthesize the outcomes of policy evaluations of flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) restrictions. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science before May 3, 2022. Study selection Studies that report sales, behaviour, or compliance outcomes related to implemented or hypothetical ENDS flavour restrictions. Data extraction Restriction details, whether implemented or hypothetical, whether additional products were restricted, jurisdictional level, study locations, and outcomes classified by sales, behaviour, and compliance. Data synthesis We included 30 studies. Of those, 26 were conducted exclusively in the US, two in India, and two surveyed respondents in multiple countries, including the US. Twenty-one evaluated implemented restrictions, while nine considered hypothetical restrictions. Five studies evaluated product sales, 17 evaluated behaviour, and 10 evaluated compliance, with two studies reporting multiple outcomes. Two studies reported an increase and one a reduction in cigarette sales following restrictions, while three reported reductions in ENDS sales. Behavioural studies presented a mixed view of the impacts of regulations on ENDS and cigarette use. However, the use of disparate outcomes limits the comparability of studies. Studies of hypothetical restrictions suggest decreased ENDS use, increased cigarette use, and increased use of illicit markets. Studies of compliance with flavoured product restrictions that included ENDS found that 6–39% of stores sold restricted flavoured products post-restrictions. Online stores remain a potential source of restricted products. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for additional research on the impacts of ENDS restrictions. Research should further evaluate the impact of restrictions on youth and adult use of nicotine and tobacco products in addition to the effects of restrictions in countries beyond the US to enable a robust consideration of the harm-benefit trade-off of restrictions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The actual and anticipated effects of restrictions on flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems: a scoping review

et al. 2022

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“…One study also found a decrease in non-flavoured ENP use after the regulations [ 38 ]. Similarly, a Minnesota study adopting pre-post design found that the increase in ENP use was much lower in cities restricting flavours to minors than the rest of the state [ 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review for the impacts of global approaches to regulating electronic nicotine products

Yan,

Wang,

Laestadius

et al. 2023

J Glob Health

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Background The rapid increase in electronic nicotine product (ENP) use among young people has been a global public health challenge, given the potential harm of ENPs and nicotine dependence. Many countries have recently introduced legislations to regulate ENPs, but the impacts of these policies are poorly understood. This systematic review aims to critically synthesise empirical studies on the effects of global regulations regarding ENPs on the prevalence of use, health outcomes and their determinants, using the 4A marketing mix framework (acceptability, affordability, accessibility and awareness). Methods Following the PRISMA guideline, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, and APA PsycINFO databases from inception until June 14, 2022 and performed citation searches on the included studies. Reviewed literature was restricted to peer-reviewed, English-language articles. We included all pre-post and quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the impacts of e-cigarette policies on the prevalence of ENP use and other health outcomes. A modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies was used for quality assessment. Due to heterogeneity of the included studies, we conducted a narrative synthesis of evidence. Results Of 3991 unduplicated records screened, 48 (1.2%) met the inclusion criteria, most were from high-income countries in North America and Europe and 26 studies measured self-reported ENPs use. Flavour restrictions significantly decreased youth ENP use and taxation reduced adult use; mixed results were found for the impacts of age restrictions. Indoor vaping restrictions and the European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) did not seem to reduce ENP use based on existing studies. Changes in determinants such as sales and perceptions corroborated our conclusions. Few studies assessed the impacts of other regulations such as advertising restrictions and retail licensing requirements. Conclusions Flavour restrictions and taxes have the strongest evidence to support effective control of ENPs, while others need powerful enforcement and meaningful penalties to ensure their effectiveness. Future research should focus on under-examined policies and differential impacts across sociodemographic characteristics and countries. Registration PROSPERO CRD42022337361

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“…Findings are consistent with other published studies that show that state and local tobacco restrictions produce a dramatic and immediate impact on sales of e-cigarettes 12 , 19 , 28 , 35 . Prior studies have used retail sales indicators 19 , 21 , 22 and survey data 18 , 20 , 24 for early-stage policy evaluation. The present study builds on prior work by leveraging multiple data sources to create a more complete picture of flavored tobacco policy impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survey data findings are mixed; even with strong policies and compliance, youth who use e-cigarettes may still be able to access flavored products in California 18 and ever and current use has not changed 24 . However, work coming out of Minnesota indicates that youth use of flavored products may be stalled in areas with policies, compared to increasing in areas without policies 20 . Despite recent research, additional evidence is needed to fully understand the short- and long-term impacts of state and local flavored e-cigarette policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early evidence of flavored tobacco product restrictions in Massachusetts and New York State

Schillo,

Seaman,

Cuccia

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION With many US states and localities enacting policies that restrict flavored e-cigarette sales, evaluation of these restrictions is critical to inform future efforts. This study analyzed both survey and retail scanner data to assess early-stage impacts of flavored tobacco sales restrictions in Massachusetts and New York State on e-cigarettes sales and product use among young people. METHODS This study uses state-level e-cigarette retail sales data and survey data from youth and young adults (aged 13–24 years). Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at two time points in Massachusetts (both post policy implementation) and New York (pre and post policy implementation); retail sales data in both states were analyzed from 2019 through 2020 and compared to sales in control states. RESULTS E-cigarette unit sales decreased significantly following the implementation of statewide restrictions on flavored e-cigarettes in both Massachusetts and New York State (p<0.001). Survey data showed a decrease in mint flavored e-cigarette use in Massachusetts and an increase in tobacco flavored e-cigarette use in New York State over time (p=0.001). In both states, a greater proportion of respondents reported using disposable e-cigarettes at Time 2 compared to Time 1 (p=0.001). Among those who reported using fruit-flavored e-cigarettes in New York State, a significantly greater proportion reported disposable device use at Time 2 compared to Time 1 (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Findings from these case studies from two US states suggest that statewide policies reduce the availability of e-cigarettes and have the potential to reduce use of many youth-appealing flavors. The increase in use of disposable e-cigarettes likely reflects existing loopholes in federal policy, which may be attenuating the potential impact of strong state-level policies.

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Youth Tobacco Use Before and After Local Sales Restrictions on Flavored and Menthol Tobacco Products in Minnesota

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

The actual and anticipated effects of restrictions on flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems: a scoping review

The actual and anticipated effects of restrictions on flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems: a scoping review

A systematic review for the impacts of global approaches to regulating electronic nicotine products

Early evidence of flavored tobacco product restrictions in Massachusetts and New York State

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