“…The COVID-19 pandemic led to the abrupt closure of schools in many countries all over the world, including Austria, where schools were first closed on March 16th, 2020 [ 1 , 2 ]. Consequently, students were required to rapidly shift to distance learning scenarios [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , relying on digital learning software—such as intelligent tutoring systems 1 —for distance learning, in lieu of traditional in-person schooling [ 9 , 10 ]. While the devastating impact of school closures on students' performance has been studied excessively with data from large-scale assessments [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , with most studies reporting performance losses during school closures [19] , [20] , [21] , only a limited number of studies have thus far evaluated the effect of school closures on students’ performance within intelligent tutoring systems [ 10 , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ].…”