Ytterbium fiber laser based on first-order fiber Bragg gratings written with 400nm femtosecond pulses and a phase-mask

Bernier, Martin; Vallée, Réal; Morasse, Bertrand; Desrosiers, Cynthia; Saliminia, A.; Sheng, Yunlong

doi:10.1364/oe.17.018887

Cited by 55 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…An indication of a two-photon process during grating writing is the quadratic dependence of the induced refractive index change Δn on intensity I: n Δ~2 I . Gratings have also been fabricated using the second harmonic 400 nm wavelength femtosecond laser pulses of a Ti:Sapphire laser [35]. As shown in Figure 1 three-photon absorption is responsible for the index change in that case.…”

Section: Modeling Non-linear Refractive Index Changes In the Mof Corementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of highly non-linear index change mechanism during femtosecond grating writing in microstructured optical fibers

et al. 2015

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New methods for fiber Bragg grating inscription in optical fibers use femtosecond laser sources, which can induce refractive index changes even in non-photosensitive fibers and which allow achieving gratings that remain stable at high temperatures. The index change takes place as a result of a highly non-linear multi-photon absorption process. Although such gratings were successfully inscribed in conventional fibers, there are still challenges involved when attempting to fabricate femtosecond gratings in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). The air holes are usually impeding the delivery of optical power to the core region, which results in a lower grating writing efficiency.In this paper we report on our numerical computations that aim to estimate the influence of the MOF's holey cladding on the induced index change during interferometric grating inscription with an infrared (IR) femtosecond laser source. For high power femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm the refractive index change in silica stems from a highly non-linear five photon absorption process. Using empirical data on refractive index changes from literature and intensity distribution data from our transverse coupling simulations we propose an approach to reconstruct the non-linear refractive index modification in the MOF core region. We then study the influence of the MOF angular orientation on the induced index change and we model the impact of MOF tapering as a possible way to increase the grating writing efficiency.

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Section: Modeling Non-linear Refractive Index Changes In the Mof Corementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of highly non-linear index change mechanism during femtosecond grating writing in microstructured optical fibers

et al. 2015

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“…In most cases, a chirped or regeneratively amplified Ti:Sapphire laser system is used that typically provides 50-150 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 1 kHz at 800 nm (e. g. [43][44][45][46][47][48]). Frequency doubling or quadrupling is employed, whereas inscription wavelengths in the VIS or UV are desired to realize shorter periods [40,[49][50][51][52][53]. Typically, the output beam is attenuated with a half-wave-plate beam-splitter combination, since pulse energies of the order of 1 μJ suffice for point-wise inscription with high-NA objectives.…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, grating inscription in almost any optical fiber is possible [70]: FBGs could be realized in heavily doped phosphate glass fibers [97] and in highly nonlinear bismuth oxide fibers [98] as well as ZBLAN fibers [99]. FBGs can be inscribed in active fibers as well, which are heavily doped with erbium, ytterbium or thulium [51,56,57,97,[100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108].…”

Section: Inscription In Active and Other Specialty Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of a monolithic continuous wave (CW) resonator based on femtosecond pulse inscribed FBG caught on quickly and was applied to other specialty fibers doped with Er, Yb, and Tm. Accessing a broad wavelength range, ranging from 1.064 nm [51,56,56,102,105,160], encompassing 1480 nm [161,162] and providing emission in the eye-safe far IR, like 2 μm [101,107,108] up to 2.8 μm [100]. Most recently, a monolithic laser could be demonstrated in a bandgap fiber [160].…”

Section: Fiber Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology

Thomas

Voigtländer

Becker

et al. 2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

160

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The use of ultrashort laser pulses for fiber grating inscription has many advantages in comparison to continuous wave and long pulse lasers. The most important one is that it allows inscription in nonphotosensitive fiber materials. In this paper the principal inscription techniques and the physical properties of femtosecond (fs) pulse written in-fiber gratings are reviewed. The role of focusing and order walk-off on the inscribed structures is emphasized. A fs pulse written fiber Bragg grating (FBG) also has a unique coupling behavior, due to a refractive index change that is independent from the fiber geometry. Selected applications of such gratings for sensing and fiber lasers are discussed.

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“…Since fs lasers are commercially available, FBGs in various kinds of doped 4,5 and undoped fibers, like in pure silica fibers (of solid type 6 or as a photonic crystal fiber 7,8 ) as well as in crystalline sapphire fibers 9 were demonstrated. Most FBG writing techniques as already established for use with UV excimer and ion laser systems can be applied for the grating inscription with fs pulses as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and stability of UV and VIS femtosecond written fiber Bragg gratings in different rare earth doped fibers

et al. 2011

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Using femtosecond (fs) radiation and multi-photon absorption processes for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription offers the advantage of writing FBGs independent of the chemical fiber composition. Especially for fiber laser applications the fabrication of FBGs integrated in rare earth doped fibers is a favorable option for monolithic fiber lasers. In this paper we report on the growth and stability of femtosecond generated fiber Bragg gratings in different rare earth doped fibers. For this purpose we use two different fs laser wavelengths at 266 nm and 400 nm and a modified Talbot-interferometer setup for the generation of first order Bragg gratings. We study the growth characteristics of FBGs in terms of reflectivity, Bragg wavelength and spectral grating width during the writing with UV and VIS fs radiation. For these experiments fibers drawn in-house at the IPHT are used, which possess varying contents of Ytterbium and/or Cerium with a comparable Phosphor and Aluminum co-doping and a standard geometry (125 µm cladding, 8-10 µm core diameter). We observe different kinds of grating growth processes depending on the inscription wavelength and the specific doping level of the fibers. It is possible to produce high reflective Type I gratings by UV fs exposure and high reflective Type II gratings with higher temperature stability by VIS fs exposure. The transformation from Type I to Type II gratings with a 400 nm inscription wavelength is studied in dependence on the exposure conditions. Our experimental results underline the role of doping for fs material photosensitivity and for FBG inscription process.

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Ytterbium fiber laser based on first-order fiber Bragg gratings written with 400nm femtosecond pulses and a phase-mask

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

The role of highly non-linear index change mechanism during femtosecond grating writing in microstructured optical fibers

The role of highly non-linear index change mechanism during femtosecond grating writing in microstructured optical fibers

Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology

Growth and stability of UV and VIS femtosecond written fiber Bragg gratings in different rare earth doped fibers

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