Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films with Very Low Damping Obtained by Recrystallization of Amorphous Material

Hauser, Christoph P.; Richter, Tim; Homonnay, N.; Eisenschmidt, C.; Qaid, Mohammad; Deniz, Hakan; Hesse, D.; Sawicki, M.; Ebbinghaus, Stefan G.; Schmidt, G.

doi:10.1038/srep20827

Cited by 211 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The relatively large inhomogeneous linewidth for all samples might be due to perpendicular standing SW and/or other modes. [44] The SW attenuation length is the distance at which the SW amplitude is attenuated by the factor 1/e.…”

Section: Damping Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates

Yoshimoto

Goto

Shimada

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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sections. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is extensively used for SW devices [11][12][13] because of its low intrinsic Gilbert damping, [14][15][16][17][18][19] but other materials with low Gilbert damping have been proposed, including Permalloy [20,21] and Heusler alloys. [22] However, films of low anisotropy materials such as YIG and Permalloy are typically magnetized in plane due to the dominant shape anisotropy and require a substantial external outof-plane magnetic field to saturate the film. This motivates the search for a magnetic material with a low Gilbert damping and a low out-of-plane saturation field, or ideally with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) that promotes an out-of-plane remanent magnetization, in order to realize integrated FV SW devices.The net magnetic anisotropy includes contributions from magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetoelastic anisotropy, and shape anisotropy. [9] In epitaxial films, magnetoelastic anisotropy can be tuned via the lattice mismatch with the substrate. Although YIG has only a modest magnetostriction, PMA was reported for 20 nm thick epitaxial YIG on a Sm 3 Ga 5 O 12 (SmGG) buffer layer on a rare-earth-substituted gadolinium gallium garnet (SGGG) substrate and for SGGG/SmGG/40 nm thick YIG/SmGG, [23] in which the top SmGG suppresses strain relaxation. The top SmGG was essential to obtain PMA in >40 nm thick YIG, but such overlayers lead to spacing loss which would decrease the efficiency of SW excitations using an antenna. Seed and buffer layers also lead to a more complex growth and patterning process. PMA has also been obtained in several single-layer rare-earth-substituted garnet films as a result of magnetoelastic anisotropy, [24][25][26][27] but the substitution of rare earth ions for Y in the iron garnet system tends to increase the Gilbert damping. [28,29] In these reports, there were no detailed discussions of the relation between the magnetoelastic anisotropy and the propagation properties of FV SWs.In this work, the effect of epitaxial mismatch on the net anisotropy and damping of YIG is described. By changing the magnetoelastic anisotropy, the field required for saturating the YIG out of plane can be reduced, facilitating the development of FV SW devices. Three epitaxial YIG films were prepared on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), SGGG, and neodymium gallium garnet (NGG) substrates directly (without any buffer layers). These substrates have the same crystalline structure but different lattice constants, yielding different lattice strain and Single-crystalline yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films are grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), rare-earth-substituted GGG, and neodymium gallium garnet (NGG) substrates, and their crystalline structures, surface morphologies, magnetic and magneto-optical properties, spin wave (SW) spectra of the forward volume (FV) mode, and damping parameters are characterized. YIG grown on NGG shows the smallest out-of-plane effective anisotropy field of 1080 Oe among the three samples because of its larger magnetoelastic anisotropy...

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Section: Damping Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates

Yoshimoto

Goto

Shimada

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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“…The ultra low magnon damping characteristics [9] and magneto-optical properties [10,11] of YIG are well known. The former makes YIG a suitable candidate for spin wave logic [12] and signal transmitters [13] due to the extremely large magnon decay length of several tens of millimeters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tm₃Fe₅O₁₂/Pt Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for Spintronic Applications

Quindeau

Avci

Liu

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

125

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Harnessing the electron's second fundamental property, its spin, is the basis of spintronic phenomena and devices [1] . These include recently discovered phenomena like the quantum anomalous Hall effect [2] in magnetic topological insulators [3] , spin transfer torque [4,5] effects in nonmagnetic metal / ferromagnetic metal / oxide heterostructures and spin transfer torque (SOT) switching of ferromagnets [6,7] , and ultimately of FMIs [8] . To realize novel circuit devices based on these effects a rich variety of specifically tailored magnetic materials has still to be developed. For instance, the study of exotic phenomena occurring at the boundary of topological insulators with ferromagnets requires the latter to be insulating, yet to retain magnetic properties including PMA.One of the most prominent FMIs classes is that of iron garnets, of which the most well studied is Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG). The ultra low magnon damping characteristics [9] and magneto-optical properties [10,11] of YIG are well known. The former makes YIG a suitable candidate for spin wave logic [12] and signal transmitters [13] due to the extremely large magnon decay length of several tens of millimeters. Epitaxial YIG thin films can, in principle, also possess PMA as a result of magnetization-lattice coupling [14] for thicknesses below nm [15,16] , but the fabrication of YIG films with complete out-of-plane remanence remains elusive because of its low magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetoelastic coefficients. In contrast, 50 nm thick thulium iron garnet (Tm 3 Fe 5 O 12 , TmIG), has been reported to show PMA [17,18] caused by magnetoelastic anisotropy when grown epitaxially on (111)-oriented gallium gadolinium garnet (Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 or GGG) [19] .We recently demonstrated [8] reversible magnetization switching in 8 nm thick TmIG by utilizing SOT from an adjacent platinum layer, but a detailed structural and magnetic characterization of TmIG in the few-nm thickness regime is still lacking. In the present article, we provide a comprehensive description of the structural characteristics and magnetic properties of TmIG/GGG down to a thickness of nm. Furthermore we demonstrate that efficient spin transport can be achieved through the TmIG/Pt interface by measuring spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in Pt. We exploit this method to measure the anisotropy field of the strained TmIG film electrically, which is inaccessible by conventional magnetometry measurements due to the dominant paramagnetic contribution of the GGG substrate. These results emphasize the potential of TmIG as a spintronic material.Structural characterization of the TmIG films are summarized in Fig.1. With xray reflectometry (XRR) scans (not shown), we measured film thicknesses of PMA epitaxial TmIG down to nm nm . To quantify the strain state of TmIG via XRD we measured a nm thick TmIG film, since thinner films could not be resolved with enough intensity using high resolution XRD. The symmetric XRD spectra shown in Fig.1a demonstrates a fully strained film with lattice spacing of ...

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“…Our value of α = 1.0 × 10 −4 was similar to the value of α = 1.2 × 10 −4 reported very recently for a 106 nm thick YIG film grown by LPE 7 . It is larger compared to PLD-grown and sputtered YIG that was reported to exhibit α ≤ 1 × 10 −4 [5,13]. To calculate spin-wave dispersion relations f (k, H) we applied the formalism of Kalinikos and Slavin 19 with parameters given above and gyromagnetic splitting factor γ = 2.83 MHz/Oe 13 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The extracted decay length l d amounted to 0.86 mm. Small λ, high v g and large l d are key figures of merit when aiming at non-charged based signal transmission and logic devices with spin waves.Thin films of the insulating ferrimagnet yttrium iron garnet (YIG) have recently shown to exhibit small spin-wave (SW) damping [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . A large decay length of up to 0.58 mm was reported for SWs in a 20 nm thick YIG film 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Spin waves with large decay length and few 100 nm wavelengths in thin yttrium iron garnet grown at the wafer scale

Maendl

Stasinopoulos

Grundler

2017

Applied Physics Letters

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Using conventional coplanar waveguides (CPWs) we excited spin waves with a wavelength λ down to 310 nm in a 200 nm thin yttrium iron garnet film grown by liquid phase epitaxy. Spin-wave transmission was detected between CPWs that we separated by up to 2 mm. For magnetostatic surface spin waves we found a large nonreciprocity of 0.9 and a high group velocity v g of up to 5.4 km/s. The extracted decay length l d amounted to 0.86 mm. Small λ, high v g and large l d are key figures of merit when aiming at non-charged based signal transmission and logic devices with spin waves.Thin films of the insulating ferrimagnet yttrium iron garnet (YIG) have recently shown to exhibit small spin-wave (SW) damping [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . A large decay length of up to 0.58 mm was reported for SWs in a 20 nm thick YIG film 3 . In Ref.3 , the films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on small substrates of (111) gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) with a lateral size of about 10 mm × 10 mm. Small damping is important for coherent nanomagnonics, low power consumption and devices such as magnonic holography memory, non-linear cellular networks and SW interferometers 3,[8][9][10][11] . Nonreciprocal characteristics of spin waves further enriches possible logic applications 12 . To scale substrate sizes up, PLD is however very challenging. Here, for instance, magnetron sputtering 13 and liquid phase epitaxy 7,14 are more suitable. Still, for decades, commercially available YIG films grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) had a thickness of 1 µm and beyond 15 . Such thicknesses do not allow for application in nanomagnonics. Recently, a 500 nm thick LPE-grown film was explored with and without nanopatterning 16 . Parameters such as decay length l d , group velocity v g , and nonreciprocity parameter β were however not provided. Note that wafer bonding has already been explored to transfer LPE-grown YIG onto Si substrates to advance integrated photonics 17,18 . Such a route might be interesting for hybrid magnonic devices, and it is timely to explore in detail SW properties of thin YIG grown by LPE.We report on experiments performed on a commercially available YIG film ordered with a thickness t = 200 nm that was grown by LPE on a 3" GGG substrate 20 . Using coplanar waveguides (CPWs) we explored spin-wave propagation over broad frequency and magnetic field regimes. The smallest wavelength λ that we excited by the conventional CPWs amounted to 310 nm. This value is smaller than the wavelengths so far excited via microwave antenna in thin YIG with thicknesses ranging from 20 to 500 nm 3,6,16 . At the same time, we observe modes of higher order compared to earlier publications reporting spin-wave excitation in thin YIG 3,16,21 and thin ferromagnetic metals 22,23 using bare CPWs. The nonreciprocity is found to be pronounced with a parameter β of up to 0.9, much larger compared to 20 nm thick YIG 3 . For magnetostatic surface spin waves (MSSWs) we extract a decay length of 0.86 mm that is a factor of 1.5 larger compared to Ref. [3]. The resul...

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Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films with Very Low Damping Obtained by Recrystallization of Amorphous Material

Cited by 211 publications

References 50 publications

Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates

Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates

Tm₃Fe₅O₁₂/Pt Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for Spintronic Applications

Spin waves with large decay length and few 100 nm wavelengths in thin yttrium iron garnet grown at the wafer scale

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Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films with Very Low Damping Obtained by Recrystallization of Amorphous Material

Cited by 211 publications

References 50 publications

Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates

Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Single‐Crystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Epitaxially Grown on Three Garnet Substrates

Tm3Fe5O12/Pt Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for Spintronic Applications

Spin waves with large decay length and few 100 nm wavelengths in thin yttrium iron garnet grown at the wafer scale

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Tm₃Fe₅O₁₂/Pt Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for Spintronic Applications