Z2 oscillation of mean charge states of fast Si and Cl ions after passage through thin foils

Measurements of charge state distributions of 0.74 and 1.4 MeV/u heavy ions passing through dilute gases

“…This is probably caused by closed electron shells in the atomic structure, which result in strongly-bound electrons. A similar effect was described with the oscillation of equilibrium charge states with increasing nuclear charge of the target Z T for Si and Cl ions [34] as well as in [9].…”

The physics behind the isobar separation of 36Cl and 10Be at the French AMS national facility ASTER

“…For charge state distributions of ions passing though foils or gases, a considerable number of experimental data are available [24,25] and various semi-empirical formula to describe the distribution based on mean charge and beam width are available, especially for carbon foils [26]. But since some dependences on target composition have been reported [27,28], it was not clear to what extent the data obtained from carbon foils can be transposed to silicon nitride foils. Therefore, charge state distributions from the ASTER silicon nitride foil were determined experimentally for Cl.…”