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Thermocapillary Migration of Liquid Droplets Induced by a Unidirectional Thermal Gradient

“…Typically, the existence of thermal gradients induces an interfacial tension gradient at the liquid–gas surface, creating a tangential stress at that surface. Consequently, convective currents inevitably arise in the liquid, and the migration commences shortly thereafter. − The study of the migration of droplets and the investigation of the influence of external temperature fields is a research area of fundamental importance in many industrial products such as miniature rolling bearings, hard disk, microelectronics, and so on. − In the case of lubricant droplets on stainless steel there is a continual drainage, and the thermal flow seriously affects the behavior of the lubrication and causes potential lubrication failure. Research is thus needed to better understand the nature of liquid droplet migration.…”

The stability of ultra-thin perfluoropolyether mixture films on the amorphous nitrogenated carbon surface

“…In the first method, an optical surface analyzer (OSA) using both s-and ppolarized light was employed to directly image the disk surface for lubricant dewetting [12]. For these purposes, the Q polar- ized wave (phase contrast signal between the p-and s-polarized light) provided the highest sensitivity to changes in the lubricant film.…”

The interactions between Z-Tetraol perfluoropolyether lubricant and amorphous nitrogenated- and hydrogenated-carbon surfaces and silicon nitride

“…The total surface energy is then the sum of the dispersive and polar components. For imaging the dewetting of the Z-Tetraol lubricant films on the various underlying surfaces, an optical surface analyzer (OSA) was employed [16]. The OSA uses s-and p-polarized light near Brewster's angle for carbon in order to measure thickness changes in both lubricant and carbon films.…”