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Ultra-trace determination of plutonium in marine samples using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…Although the 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios are not certified, the ratios obtained for the reference samples (Table 4) agree with other reported values using various analytical techniques such as ICP-MS, accelerator mass spectrometry, thermal ionisation mass spectrometry and high-resolution ␣-spectrometry [6,19,[27][28][29]32,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. The precisions (n = 10) of the measurements ranged from 1.7% to 8.6% depending on the total Pu concentrations in the samples.…”

Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples

“…Mass spectrometric techniques such as TIMS [275], AMS [276][277], RIMS [97,278], and ICP-MS [64,[279][280][282][283] have also been used for the determination of Pu isotopes. During the last decade, the use of ICP-MS has gained a increased interest as an alternative to alpha spectrometry because of the good sensitivity, short analytical time and 239 Pu -240 Pu - 242 Pu isotopic information which are difficult to obtain through alpha spectrometry due either to overlapping peaks of 239 Pu at low levels (fg-pg range).…”

Determination of plutonium isotopes in waters and environmental solids: A review

“…Ion exchange separation using large-size columns is therefore a common technique for isolation of Pu in complex matrices. Due to the pronounced ability of actinides in the higher oxidation states to form anionic complexes, anion exchange chromatography using Dowex 1(or Bio-Rad AG 1 or AG MP-1) resins [49,50,56,59,62,73,79], is the most widely accepted method, whereas the cation exchange process is seldom employed [80] .…”

“…In a number of radiochemical procedures, UTEVA resin has been employed in combination with TRU resin [62] and other resins. Toribio et al [65], for example, devised an extraction chromatographic method for separation of Pu in soils and sediments by coupling UTEVA and TRU resins in tandem to improve the separation efficiency.…”

“…Generally sources for alpha spectrometric measurement of environmental samples are prepared by electro-deposition or electroplating [47,48,54,62,67], or co-precipitation/micro-coprecipitation [45,50,51,55,56,65,89]. Normally, α-source of Pu is prepared by electro-deposition onto a stainless disk in an oxalate or sulphate medium.…”