“…(20,21) However, because of the enhanced cubic phase, reduced porosity, and larger cubic grains, the light transmission rose by 43 to 45 percent. (11) According to Rosentritt, et al, in 2019, (22) we could distinguish 5 generations of zirconia: 1st Generation 3Y-TZP (opaque, flexural strength > 1000), 2nd Generation 3Y-TZP (5 % more translucent, flexural strength 900 MPa), 3rd Generation 5Y-TZP (15 % more translucent, flexural strength 600 MPa), 4th Generation 4Y-TZP (10 % more translucent, flexural strength 750 MPa) and 5th Generation 3Y/4Y/5Y-TZP (1-15 % more translucent, flexural strength 550-1200 MPa) (Multilayer with translucency gradients). Transformation toughening is a crucial component for better flexural strength, but it is not present in the compositions of these two generations, limiting their toughness and flexural strength.…”