“…Zakat, a form of Islamic social finance, is critical to the country’s economic development and social security (Bilo and Machado, 2019; Saad et al , 2020). Optimal use of zakat could effectively overcome poverty among Muslim communities by minimising the income disparity between the rich and the poor (Kailani and Slama, 2020; Owoyemi, 2020; Hamid and Hamid, 2020; Kusuma and Ryandono, 2016; Zauro et al , 2020; Ahmed et al , 2017; Kuran, 2020). Furthermore, this concept eliminates despicable traits in muzaki (zakat giver) and cultivates noble qualities (Masroom et al , 2020).…”