ZAMA: A ZKP-Based Anonymous Mutual Authentication Scheme for the IoV

Xi, Ning; Li, Weihui; Jing, Lv; Ma, Jianfeng

doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3186921

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…And the BPA mainly uses elliptic curve point multiplication operations, elliptic curve point addition operations, modular addition operations, modular multiplication operations, etc. As shown in Table 4, our scheme spends less time in the authentication and re-authentication phases than ZAMA [29] and B-TSCA [32]. Although our scheme spends more time in the registration phase, this phase is generally executed only once before the authentication phase for a vehicle.…”

Section: Computational Costsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, the scheme is based on interactive ZKP, which requires multiple interactions between the RSU and the vehicle, and it requires pre-shared secret keys. Ning et al [29] adopted ZKP based on the Fujisaki-Okamoto (FO) Commitment and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to achieve vehicle authentication, but in the authentication phase, the authentication server needs to send the relevant information about the vehicle to the TA to verify the identity of the vehicle. Varma et al [30] used ZK-SNARK to authenticate the vehicle, which effectively protects the user privacy of the vehicle.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We conducted an analysis of the registration, authentication, and re-authentication processes for BPA, ZAMA [29], and B-TSCA [32], calculating the time costs associated with each phase of these schemes, which are summarized in Table 4 and Figure 7. ZAMA [29] uses ZKP based on FO Commitment and elliptic curve cryptography for authentication, mainly uses modular exponentiation operations, modular addition operations, modular multiplication operations, etc. B-TSCA [32] mainly uses bilinear pairing operations, modular exponentiation operations, modular multiplication operations, etc.…”

Section: Computational Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, we referred to several metrics, including the sizes of the points in group G (64 bytes), random numbers in Z * q (32 bytes), the vehicle V IDs (8 bytes), and the timestamps (8 bytes). Table 5 and Figure 8 shows the communication overhead of ZAMA [29], B-TSCA [32], and BPA in different phases. Through the comparison in Figure 8, it is evident that our scheme has a lower overhead in every stage compared to ZAMA [29].…”

Section: Communication Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BPA: A Novel Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for the Internet of Vehicles

Li,

Lin,

et al. 2024

Electronics

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The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) connects an isolated individual on the road to share information, which can improve traffic efficiency. However, the promotion of information sharing brings the critical security issues of identity authentication, followed by privacy protection issues in the authentication process in the IoV. In this study, we designed a blockchain-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for the IoV (BPA). Our scheme implements zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) to verify the identities of vehicles, which moves the authentication process down to the Roadside Units (RSUs) and achieves decentralized authentication at the edge nodes. Moreover, blockchain technology is utilized to synchronize a consistent ledger across all RSUs for recording and disseminating vehicle authentication states, which enhances the overall authentication process efficiency. We provide a theoretical analysis asserting that the BPA ensures enhanced security and effectively protects the privacy of all participating vehicles. Experimental evaluations confirm that our scheme outperforms existing solutions in terms of the computational and communication overhead.

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Section: Computational Costsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computational Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Communication Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BPA: A Novel Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for the Internet of Vehicles

Li,

Lin,

et al. 2024

Electronics

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“…However, weaknesses against vehicles, fog servers, RSU, and Cloud server impersonation attacks have been found [31]. Based on the Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) and ECC, an innovative anonymous authentication method for IoV has been suggested [32]. The Trusted Authority can track the user's keys, ensuring the violation identification.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

BSDCE-IoV: Blockchain-Based Secure Data Collection and Exchange Scheme for IoV in 5G Environment

Karim¹,

Habbal²,

Chaudhry

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a network that connects vehicles and their environment: inbuilt devices, pedestrians, and infrastructure through the Internet using heterogeneous access technologies. During communication between vehicles, roadside units, and control rooms, data confidentiality and privacy are critical issues that require effective measures. Several works have been proposed for securing IoV environments based on vehicles-to-infrastructure authentication; However, some schemes have security vulnerabilities, while others have shown efficiency issues. Due to its decentralization, stability, and transaction tracking capabilities, Blockchain as an emerging technology presents a potential solution for IoV security. This article provides an in-depth examination of the benefits of blockchain for a 5G-based IoV environment.In particular, we propose and evaluate a novel blockchain-based secure data exchange (BSDCE-IoV) scheme based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography algorithm. Our solution is designed to eliminate several potential attacks that pose a threat to the IoV environment. Deep examination using the Real-or-Random oracle model and Scyther tool, in addition to the informal security analysis, validates the scheme regarding security and privacy. The Multi-precision Integer and Rational Arithmetic Cryptographic Library (MIRACL) assesses the computational and communication overhead. Computational and communicative overheads were also evaluated using the Multi-precision Integer and Rational Arithmetic Cryptographic Library (MIRACL). BSDCE-IoV shows higher performance in terms of security, functionality, and time delay than a number of recent selective work in IoV security.

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