Zarqa River pollution: impact on its quality

Al‐Omari, Abbas; Farhan, Ibrahim; Kandakji, Tarek; Jibril, Fida’a

doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7283-9

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Wastewater and water resources contributing to the flow in ZR were studied. A catchment area of 4120 km 2 located in the north of Jordan contributes to the natural streamflow in ZR [31]. The ZR Basin has an arid climate in the east and the southeast.…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Pollutant Levels in Wastewater and the Waters of the Zarqa River, Jordan

et al. 2021

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Assamra wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is the largest treatment facility in Jordan. Treated wastewater is discharged into the Zarqa River (ZR) and used to irrigate fodder and vegetables. ZR also includes surface runoff, stormwater, and raw wastewater illegally discharged into the river. This study examined pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) in water resources in the ZR basin. Samples of WWTP influent and effluent and river water from four sites along ZR were collected. Concentrations of 18 target antibiotics, one stimulant, and 15 other PhACs were determined in the samples. Five antibiotics were detected in WWTP influent (510–860 ng L−1 for ∑Antibiotics) and six in the effluent (2300–2600 ng L−1 for ∑Antibiotics). Concentrations in the effluent of all antibiotics except clarithromycin increased by 2- to 5-fold compared with those in influent, while clarithromycin concentration decreased by around 4- fold (from 308 to 82 ng L−1). WWTP influent and effluent samples contained 14 non-antibiotic PhACs, one simulant, and six antibiotics at detectable concentrations. The dominant PhACs were paracetamol (74% of ∑PhACs) in the influent and carbamazepine (78% of ∑PhACs) in the effluent. At ZR sampling sites, carbamazepine was the dominant PhAC in all cases (800–2700 ng L−1). The antibiotics detected in WWTP effluent were also detected at the ZR sites. In summary, water in ZR is contaminated with PhACs, including antibiotics, and wastewater discharge seems to be the main pathway for this contamination. The occurrence of antibiotics and other PhACs in the irrigated soil requires investigation to assess their fate.

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Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Pollutant Levels in Wastewater and the Waters of the Zarqa River, Jordan

et al. 2021

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“…1. It has a total area of 4586 km 2 ; about 4074 km 2 of which is within Jordan and 512 km 2 is within Syria [32].The city is located northeast of Amman and has a population of more than 640,000 inhabitants. The city is experiencing extensive industrialization and urbanization since the past decades.…”

Section: Studied Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Al-Zarqa, Jordan

Dabaibeh

2021

Indones. J. Chem.

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Al-Zarqa is experiencing challenges in industry conversion and extensive urbanization. The environmental quality of soil in the Al-Zarqa region was analyzed by Spatial analysis for the identification of sources and estimation of the concentration of heavy metals, which helped in the assessment of soil quality and heavy metal pollution. The reason for the elevation of heavy metal pollution is increased urbanization, industrialization, traffic, oil refinery emissions, and mixed anthropogenic sources in that region. The main objective of this research was to assess the ecological impact of heavy metals pollutants in the Al-Zarqa region. The concentrations of (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe) were estimated and compared with the existing literature. The distribution pattern of each metal was identified by spatial distribution analysis. Results revealed that metals concentration (Cd, Cr, and Ni) is higher, and the concentration of Pb, Zn, and Cu is less than the maximum allowed limits. Factor analysis identified the potential sources of heavy metals in the investigated area, and spatial distribution showed the geographical distribution of heavy metals over the study area. Consequently, it is better than showing only the individual point concentration without identifying their potential sources and their geographical variations.

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“…Water in surface and groundwater bodies is polluted in most countries (Table 1), with harmful impacts for people and the aquatic environment. The region is not on track to meet SDG 6.3 on water quality and wastewater by 2030 and even in countries where SDG monitoring reports suggest good progress such as Jordan and Tunisia, local evidence suggests otherwise (e.g., Zarqa River in Jordan (Al‐Omari et al, 2019) and Medjerda River in Tunisia (Etteieb et al, 2017). This highlights the need to consider SDG indicators with caution as national indicators might hide considerable subnational variation.…”

Section: Water Issues Facing the Arab Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling the Trickle: Ensuring Sustainable Water Management in the Arab Region

et al. 2020

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Water scarcity in the Arab region is intensifying due to population growth, economic development, and the impacts of climate change. It is manifested in groundwater depletion, freshwater ecosystem degradation, deteriorating water quality, low levels of water storage per capita, and added pressures on transboundary water resources. High-income Arab countries have sought to circumvent the ever-present challenges of water scarcity through agricultural imports (virtual water trade), desalination, and, increasingly, wastewater reuse. In this review article, we argue that the narrative of water scarcity and supply-side technological fixes masks more systemic issues that threaten sustainable water management, including underperforming water utilities, protracted armed conflict and displacement, agricultural policies aimed at self-sufficiency, evolving food consumption behaviors, the future of energy markets, and educational policy. Water management challenges, particularly on the demand side, and responses in the Arab region cannot be understood in isolation from these broader regional and international political and socioeconomic trends. Recognizing the complex and interdependent challenges of water management is the first step in reforming approaches and shifting to more sustainable development outcomes and stability in the Arab region and beyond.

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Zarqa River pollution: impact on its quality

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Pollutant Levels in Wastewater and the Waters of the Zarqa River, Jordan

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Pollutant Levels in Wastewater and the Waters of the Zarqa River, Jordan

Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Al-Zarqa, Jordan

Tackling the Trickle: Ensuring Sustainable Water Management in the Arab Region

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