“…In the literature, there are many empirical equations developed for the indirect estimation of UCS with SH (Yılmaz and Sendir, 2002;Buyuksagis and Goktan, 2007;Çobanoǧlu and Çelik, 2008;Karaman et al, 2011;Bruno et al, 2013;Minaeian and Ahangari, 2013;Karaman et al, 2015;Tandon and Gupta, 2015;Jamshidi et al, 2016;Demirdag et al, 2018;Kong and Shang, 2018;Çelik and Çobanoğlu, 2019;Mesutoğlu and Özkan, 2019;Wang and Wan, 2019;Özkan and Kaya, 2020). However, since different types of hammers were used in these studies, very different empirical equations were derived.…”