Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 and their metabolites in pig urine as biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure

Thieu, Nguyen Quang; Pettersson, Hans

doi:10.1007/s12550-009-0009-z

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The metabolism and tissue distribution of AFB 1 in pigs were studied by Lüthy et al (1980), and the major excretory route was found to be the feces (51-65% of the dose administered) but also urine was also an important excretory route. Actually, both AFM 1 and AFB 1 were detected in pig urine samples and AFM 1 was always found at higher concentrations in all studies (Thieu and Pettersson, 2009). In fact, urinary AFB 1 and AFM 1 are often used as biomarkers for aflatoxin exposure in pigs.…”

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

et al. 2019

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Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, it is the main source feed for livestock (such as pigs and cattle) in Vietnam. In humans and animals, aflatoxins in urine have been used as a marker of exposure, and it has been shown that there is a correlation between aflatoxin intake and serum concentrations, as well as serum concentrations and urine AFM 1 concentrations [ 32 , 38 ]. Therefore, a rigorous investigation is necessary to assess the full impact of AFB 1 and AFM 1 on plant, animal and human health in Son La province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study in two pigs found only up to 16% of a dose of AFB 1 fed to the animals could be detected in the urine [ 31 ]. In another pig trial in Vietnam, approximately 23% of ingested AFB 1 was converted to AFM 1 and excreted in the urine [ 32 ]. Another older study found that the average AFM 1 concentration in pig urine was 2.29 ng/ml after feeding 12.7 μg/kg AFB 1 over 12 weeks [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into aflatoxin M 1 in slaughtered fattening pigs and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite formed after aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is consumed by humans and animals; it can be detected in urine, milk and blood. It is well recognized that AFB1 is toxic to humans and other animals. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies aflatoxins as group 1 carcinogens and AFM1 as group 2B carcinogen. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure of pigs to aflatoxins as well as to assess the public awareness of aflatoxins among people in five provinces in Vietnam.ResultsA total of 1920 urine samples were collected from slaughterhouses located in five provinces. Overall, the positive rate of AFM1 was 53.90% (95% confidence interval 51.64–56.15) using a cut-off of 0.15 μg/kg (range: limit of detection to 13.66 μg/kg, median: 0.2 μg/kg and mean: 0.63 μg/kg). A total of 252 people from the general population were interviewed from 5 provinces, and overall 67.86% reported being aware of aflatoxins. We also found that men and more highly educated had significantly increased awareness of aflatoxins compared to the females and primary/secondary school group. The respective odds ratios (ORs) were as follows: “male” group (OR: 2.64), “high school educated” group (OR: 3.40) and “college/university or more educated” group (OR: 10.20).ConclusionsWe can conclude that pigs in Vietnam are exposed to aflatoxins to varying degrees, and there may be a risk that pork products could contain AFM1. Further investigation is needed into the possible health impacts as well as to aid in establishing regulations for animal feed to reduce the health impacts in humans and animals.

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“…In Urine. Aflatoxin M 1 has been identified as the main metabolite of AFB 1 in urine for humans and laboratory animals, indicating that urine is one of the most important pathways to excrete AFB 1 from the body (Hsieh et al, 1994;Thieu and Pettersson, 2009). Last, we evaluated AFB 1 and AFM 1 excretion in the urine (Figure 2G and H).…”

Section: Aflatoxin Solubilization Absorption and Excretion In The Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG modulates gastrointestinal absorption, excretion patterns, and toxicity in Holstein calves fed a single dose of aflatoxin B1

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG; ATCC 53013) on growth performance and hepatotoxicity in calves fed a single dose of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) and to investigate the absorption, distribution, and elimination of AFB 1 and the hydroxylated metabolite aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1) in rumen fluid, blood, and excretions. Twentyfour male Holstein calves were blocked for body weight and age and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) untreated control, (2) treated with 4.80 mg of AFB 1 (AFB 1 only), or (3) treated with 1 × 10 10 cfu of LGG suspension and 4.80 mg of AFB 1 (AFB 1 plus LGG). The calves received LGG suspension in 50 mL of phosphate-buffered saline daily via oral administration for 14 d before and on the day they received a single oral dose of AFB 1. Body weight was recorded at the beginning of the study (before LGG administration), at the day of AFB 1 administration, and at the end of the trial. Rumen fluid, blood, urine, and feces samples were collected continuously for 96 h after AFB 1 administration. Average daily gain (ADG) and plasma biochemical parameters were analyzed, and concentrations of AFB 1 and AFM 1 in the samples were determined for monitoring excretion pattern and toxicokinetics. The results showed that ADG was lower in AFB 1-treated animals; LGG administration partially mitigated the decrease in ADG (0.85 ± 0.08 vs. 0.76 ± 0.18 kg of gain/d). The AFB 1 treatment increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Administration of LGG alleviated the AFB 1-induced increase in plasma enzymes activity. The excretion patterns of AFB 1 and AFM 1 were surprisingly regular; toxins were rapidly detected in all samples after a single oral dose of AFB 1 , and the peak of toxins concentrations was sequentially reached in rumen fluid, plasma, urine, and feces (except AFM 1 in rumen fluid), followed by an exponential decrease. The excretion curves showed that AFB 1 and AFM 1 concentrations were the highest in feces and urine, respectively. Administration of LGG decreased the concentrations of free AFB 1 and AFM 1 in rumen fluid and reduced the release of toxins into plasma and urine. Toxicokinetic parameters (except for the time of maximum concentration and the terminal half-life) were reduced by LGG administration. In conclusion, the absorption, distribution, and excretion of AFB 1 and AFM 1 were rapid in calves fed a single dose of AFB 1. Urine was the main route for the excretion of AFM 1 , and the clearance pattern from the peak of concentration was well fitted by exponential decreasing function. Administration of LGG reduced the absorption of AFB 1 in the gastrointestinal tract by increasing the excretion via the feces, thus alleviating the hepatotoxic effect of AFB 1 .

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Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 and their metabolites in pig urine as biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

An investigation into aflatoxin M 1 in slaughtered fattening pigs and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG modulates gastrointestinal absorption, excretion patterns, and toxicity in Holstein calves fed a single dose of aflatoxin B1

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